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Term: development


Topics from Topodia matching the term "development"
The Regional category contains English language sites about geographical regions of the world. See the Regional Guidelines for detailed editor notes on how to organize a particular Regional category.
Business consultants are individuals or firms with expertise in business procedures, practices and policy. Organizations of all types use consultants, and these consultants examine these organizations from a broad operational perspective applying a variety of skills to achieve a specific outcome, solution, or result. Through analysis and study, consultants provide problem resolution and prevention solutions related to business operations, infrastructure, and performance. Consultants have many roles, varying from a supportive one within an existing team, to providing temporary leadership over an identified problem area, to other independent activities conducted at the request of the organization. This category has been divided into three areas to reflect the many functions and roles within the business consulting profession. The top level is divided by some of the various specialty or focus areas typical to the business consulting industry (e.g., business formation, financial, management, manufacturing, outsourcing, etc.). The second level contains a variety of industry specific subcategories (e.g., construction, energy, engineering, science and industry, security, etc.). Within the lowest level is a list of closely related "See also" categories that may contain other types of consultants. Before you submit your site please take the time to look around the category to ensure that your site is appropriate to this category. Also, be sure to review the general guidelines for the Business categories. The editors reserve the right not to list your site, and to delete it after its addition. Multiple submissions may be considered when appropriate (for example, a site that contains valuable resources pertinent to multiple subcategories) but repeated submissions, especially to inappropriate categories, will not be tolerated. Please, submit only to those categories most appropriate to the content of your site.
This is not a category in which to be included. If you have a site which has to do with the internet, please look below this category for the appropriate one. Submission Guidelines - The Open Directory Project editors are committed to building the most useful Directory on the Internet. We want to help your promotion efforts by listing your site in a timely manner. We want your website to be found easily. By choosing the most appropriate category, you assist us in both these efforts. Sites which are incomplete, having Under Construction notices, or which contain broken graphics or links have a poor chance of being listed. Please wait to submit your web site until it is complete. Please double-check the URL, and, if possible, include an e-mail address so we may contact you if we have questions.
Robotics is a term coined by Isaac Asimov to describe the field of science involving robots and related technologies. So what is a robot? The word comes from a 1923 Czech play called R.U.R. and described autonomous, humanoid robot servants. The original Czech word was robota, which means "servitude or forced labor". According to the Syrius Cybernetics Corporation of Douglas Adams' Hitchiker's Guide to the Galaxy, a robot is "your plastic pal who's fun to be with". A more conventional definition is, "A mechanical device that sometimes resembles a human and is capable of performing a variety of often complex human tasks". There are many other definitions, some a bit too narrow and some far too broad. We try to be as inclusive as possible, accepting sites about hobby robotics, industrial robotics, even those about the radio-controlled entertainment vehicles of "Robot Wars". Enjoy our selections. And if you don't agree with some of our choices, rest easy in the knowledge that someone else out there wouldn't agree with yours.
Parallel computing is the science and art of programming computers that can do more than one operation at once, concurrently, during the same cycle, often via having more than one processor. Some parallel computers are just regular workstations that have more than one processor in them; others are giant single computers with many processors (these are generally referred to as supercomputers); and others are networks of individual computers. A network of computers configured to coordinate on computing problems is also called a cluster. Parallel computers can run some types of programs far faster than traditional single processor computers, often termed the von Neumann architecture. Programs that work on a single-processor computer don't automatically work on a parallel computer. Programmers must explicitly specify how to divide up the computing work between all available nodes. Information about writing programs especially for parallel computers is in Parallel_Computing/Programming. Many people have written libraries to help programmers write programs for parallel computers. Parallel computing is a very similar field to distributed computing. Both types of computing involve breaking apart a problem into many pieces and assigning each part to a computer, but the nodes of a distributed computer normally not communicate with each other while performing their computations, because they may be great distances apart. Sites related to distributed computing are in Computers/Computer_Science/Distributed_Computing. Information about supercomputers is located in Computers/Supercomputing.
The science and technology of growing living things (plants and animals) for human consumption or use as pets, ornament, food, fiber, or construction material. Includes Forestry, Horticulture and Soil Science.
Cognitive science topics which may span one or more specific sciences including psychology and medicine. Sites, works and indices that assume a scientific model in their processes, references or information gathering and summary.
Known by other scientists as the "Dismal Science," this field makes a serious effort to study and describe:
The production, distribution, exchange, and consumption of wealth and the various related issues (problems) of labor, finance, taxation, currencies, the political arena as it relates to the above areas of goods and services.
Although interest in economic theories dates to the origins of commerce itself, economics as a modern study independent of moral or political philosophy is attributed to the Scottish writer Adam Smith (1723-1790). The ideas put forth in his seminal work, Wealth of Nations, form the basis of "classical" economic theory and free-market capitalism.
A collection of scientific resources about the motion of fluids like liquids and gases.
Food Science is the study of the production, transport, storage, processing, preparation and presentation of food, and this category is for sites giving an overview of the subject.
Sociology encompasses and overlaps many fields involves in the study of social relationships and institutions, including organizational behavior, societal development and structure, and cross-cultural interaction. The term "sociology" as the scientific analysis of collective human behavior was coined in 1838 by Auguste Comte, but Max Weber and ?mile Durkheim are generally credited as the founders of the modern field. The listings in this category are self-consciously restricted to links offering academic content or information. This also means that commercial sites that don't provide academic content (e.g., book sellers as compared to academic journal sites maintained by publishers) will not be listed.
Science is constantly reshaping itself through unexpected observations, new ideas, and revisions to old theories. While terms like "anomalies" or "alternative" may seem pejorative from an orthodox perspective, from an historical view these are the topics are the very life-blood of science. We must have heretics and revolutionaries challenging our beliefs, and advancing the state of the believable, otherwise science will stagnate into dogma.
Nanotechnology: a general term covering nanoscale science and engineering. A more narrow definition is miniaturization engineering at the nanometer scale. Nano is a metric prefix meaning 'billionth', in this case, science, technology, and engineering at sizes measured in billionths of a meter, which is 1,000 times smaller than a micrometer. It is proposed to build electronic and mechanical devices which are made of very tiny parts (as are biotic systems), but which may have very large effects (as do biotic systems).
This category is for speculation and research about the future, including competing views by futurists.

The Energy_and_Environment sector covers distinct, but increasingly interdependent industries. This category includes the following:

  • Industries engaged in the electric power generation industry.
  • Industries engaged in oil and gas exploration, refining, storage, distribution, and marketing.
  • Providers of electric, water, and gas services (e.g. utilities).
  • Industries developing renewable and alternative energy sources.
  • Industries providing environmental protection and safety equipment and services, such as pollution control products, waste management, recycling operations, and waste-to-energy products.
This category also includes information resources covering these industries, such as associations, reference resources, news, etc.
Building Designers are design professionals that are not licensed architects providing design services to the general public.

Please submit your site to this category if your design firm performs works other than residential, or if you are a multi-discipline building design firm.

Civil Engineering

This category is a combination of company listings and informational/resource Web sites for Civil Engineering.

The main Engineering category page contains only listings of informational/resource Web sites of interest to Engineers. Informational resources specific to a certain Engineering field are listed under that sub-category.

No companies are listed directly under Engineering, but are listed in their most appropriate subcategories of Engineering, such as Engineering:Civil.

Before submitting your site, please review the Guidelines for Submitting a Site.

If you do not see a subcategory that you think should be included included in Business:Industries:Engineering,
please email an Editor in the Business: or Business/Industrial_Goods_and_Services section and ask them to consider including the new subcategory. (You may find a list of editors at the bottom of the category pages.)

Business Directories Compilation of medical websites containing indexes or lists of companies and company related information. Users should be able to visit the listed directories and obtain information pertaining to multiple businesses and business related categories.
Biometric authentication is the science of verifying a person's identity based on personal characteristics, such as voice, facial characteristics and fingerprints. Biometrics are used to create security solutions for multiple markets, including network, data, telephony, Internet and physical access.
Software engineering is a broadly defined discipline involving the development, architecture or 'engineering' of software systems. It integrates the many aspects of programming, from requirement gathering, initial planning, writing and maintaining code, meeting budgets, all to produce affordable, quality software.
Oriental medicine includes various Eastern indigenous traditions: Chinese, Japanese, Thai, Korean, Polynesian, Vietnamese, Tibetan. Most have their bases in the philosophical foundation of the East: yin/yang theory.
Journals are mainly scientific medical peer reviewed academic publications.
...Informatics is an emerging discipline that has been defined as the study, invention, and implementation of structures and algorithms to improve communication, understanding and management of medical information. The end objective of biomedical informatics is the coalescing of data, knowledge, and the tools necessary to apply that data and knowledge in the decision-making process, at the time and place that a decision needs to be made. The focus on the structures and algorithms necessary to manipulate the information separates Biomedical Informatics from other medical disciplines where information content is the focus." Aamir M. Zakaria., MD "Medical Informatics Frequently Asked Questions"
Electrochemistry is the study of the exchange of electrons between an ion/molecule and an electrode, or another ion/molecule. Application areas include batteries, plating or electrodeposition, corrosion, analytical electrochemistry, as well as the study of any chemical reaction involving oxidation or reduction.
Game theory is a mathematical theory of strategic interaction developed by economists, mathematicians and biologists.
This category is related to the technological and safety aspects of the production of useful energy released by the fission of heavy nucleus.
In the nuclear fission process, the nucleus of an atom splits into two smaller atoms (fission products). This occurs naturally in radioactive elements (radioactive decay), but it can be induced artificially by making fissionable atoms absorb free neutrons.
This causes the nucleus to become unstable and makes it split apart. The fission process yields two smaller atoms, energy and several fast neutrons. Therefore, under certain conditions, the reaction can become self sustaining. This is called a chain reaction, or nuclear criticality.
A nuclear reactor is an apparatus in which nuclear fission chain reactions are initiated, controlled, and sustained at a steady rate.
This category is about the technical aspects of spent nuclear fuel, management, reprocessing and disposal.
Spent nuclear fuel is used fuel from nuclear reactors at commercial power plants, research reactors, government facilities, or from the nuclear medicine.
These materials contain highly radioactive elements, such as cesium, strontium, technetium, and neptunium.
Some of these elements will remain radioactive for a few years, while others will be radioactive for millions of years.
Nuclear waste can be generally classified as either low level or high level radioactive waste. Low level nuclear waste usually includes material used to handle the radioactive parts of nuclear apparatus and waste from nuclear medicine. High level waste includes the fission products activated in nuclear reactors or in accelerators.
This category contains non-commercial scientific, educational, and governmental references to biomass and biofuel. Biomass is organic non-fossil material. It comprises the mass of all biological organisms, dead or alive, excluding biological mass that has been transformed by geological processes into substances such as coal or petroleum. Solid biomass comes in different forms including what comes directly from the “producers” (grass, trees, shrubs, crop husks, etc.) and that which comes as waste from the animals that consume the producers (droppings or dung from animals and waste from humans). Biofuel is any fuel that originates from biomass. The three classes of biomass used for combustion are solid (e.g. wood, dried plants and animal waste), liquid (e.g. ethanol, methanol and vegetable oil) and gaseous (e.g. bio-methane and hydrogen). Reference: Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia

This category contains sites that discuss the technical aspects of HVAC (heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems) as they are applied to residential and commercial climate control.

Sites that contain theory, information tables or other technical aspects of HVAC systems or components may be included here.

This category is for sites dealing with the science and technology of metals. Suppliers of products or services should submit their sites to an appropriate category in our Business section. Specific links to which can usually be found as an @linked sub category of this main category, or in the list of related categories.
This category is for sites specifically related to the technology of semiconductor electronics as a science. Submissions of sites dealing with manufacturing and production should be made to the appropriate subcategory elsewhere in the directory.
Companies manufacturing or installing equipment for the automatic collection of data from sensors and instruments, and the remote control of process equipment such as lights, valves, heating and cooling chambers, etc. This includes but is not limited to SCADA systems. Examples of data acquisition include temperature, pressure, flow, strain, position, depth and pollutants.
The theory and application of filtering, coding, transmitting, estimating, detecting, analyzing, recognizing, synthesizing, recording, and reproducing signals by digital or analog devices or techniques. The term "signal" includes audio, video, speech, image, communication, geophysical, sonar, radar, medical, musical, and other signals. {Thank you IEEE)
Water "resources" are the waters that people use or might use for human consumption, industry, etc.

Topics may include hydrology, water supply, water distribution, water quality, wastewater, flooding, surface water (rivers, streams, and lakes), groundwater, drinking water, and water treatment technology.

Biodiversity is not easily defined. Try What is Biodiversity? and Defining The 'B' Word for approaches with differing emphases. Below is a definition adapted from the World Resources Institute, World Conservation Union, and United Nations Environment Programme in Global Biodiversity Strategy 1992.

"Biodiversity is the totality of genes, species, and ecosystems in a region... Biodiversity can be divided into three hierarchical categories -- genes, species, and ecosystems -- that describe quite different aspects of living systems and that scientists measure in different ways.

Genetic diversity refers to the variation of genes within species. This covers distinct populations of the same species (such as the thousands of traditional rice varieties in India) or genetic variation within a populations (high among Indian rhinos, and very low among cheetahs) ...

Species diversity refers to the variety of species within a region. Such diversity can be measured in many ways, and scientists have not settled on a single best method. The number of species in a region -- its species richness -- is one often- used measure, but a more precise measurement, taxonomic diversity, also considers the relationship of species to each other. For example, an island with two species of birds and one species of lizard has a greater taxonomic diversity than an island with three species of birds but no lizards ...

Ecosystem diversity is harder to measure than species or genetic diversity because the boundaries of communities -- associations of species -- and ecosystems are elusive. Nevertheless, as long as a consistent set of criteria is used to define communities and ecosystems, their numbers and distribution can be measured ..."

Resources related to biodiversity or conservation as an issue or a topic of debate belong primarily in the relevant subcategory of Society/Issues/Environment.

Related: (very comprehensive guide) Where should I submit my website about animals? Or, where will I find the animal topic I am looking for?

Information, organizations, research, information and services that are concerned with improving air quality.
According to that quoted in http://www.bio.hw.ac.uk/edintox/enviro.htm (a cool site): Environmental toxicology and ecotoxicology are terms used to describe the scientific study of the adverse effects on living organisms that chemicals can have when released into the natural environment. There is a tendency to apply the term "environmental toxicology" only to the study of direct effects of environmental chemicals on human beings and the term "ecotoxicology" only to the study of the effects of chemicals on ecosystems and their nonhuman components.
One definition of Pollution Prevention is: "The use of processes, practices, materials, products or energy that avoid or minimize the creation of pollutants and waste, and reduce overall risk to human health or the environment." Industrial ecology is also a closely related area. This category is primarily for resources related to waste minimization by source reduction (using fewer resources), reuse, and recycling. Composting is a technique for waste minimization, so there is a cross-link to the category Home/Gardens/Composting. Control of air and water pollution are covered in other categories of Science/Environment.
About the occurrence, hydrology, chemistry, water-supply development, water quality protection, and other aspects of groundwater (subsurface water).
Wetlands are the swamps and marshes that typical exist between land masses and water masses and may also occur where water sheds, aquifers, or other water sources are.
Chaos theory, in mathematics and physics, deals with the behavior of certain nonlinear dynamical systems that (under certain conditions) exhibit the phenomenon known as chaos, most famously characterised by sensitivity to initial conditions. Systems that exhibit mathematical chaos are deterministic and thus orderly in some sense; this technical use of the word chaos is at odds with common parlance, which suggests complete disorder.
This category is for any organization or association specifically related to, or promoting the earth sciences.
The geology of gold garners a level of interest that is out of proportion to its inherent scientific interest or its relative importance in technology and industry.
This category is for sites dealing with the science and technology of ceramics. Suppliers of products or services should submit their sites to an appropriate category in our Business section. Specific links to which can usually be found as an @linked sub category of this main category, or in the list of related categories.
Ethics is the study of what's right and wrong (the word "morality" has a very similar, if not identical meaning) - as in "Stealing is wrong", not as in "2+2=3 is wrong". As with other branches of philosophy, there is virtually nothing in ethics on which everyone agrees, not even the foundations.
Sites belonging to NASA or sponsored by NASA. If a site is not directly NASA initiated or sponsored by NASA it belongs in another category.
Biotechnology refers to the use of cellular and molecular processes in drug discovery and manufacturing, research, and biologically engineered food production.

Pharmaceuticals include over-the-counter and prescription medications, vitamins and nutritional supplements. The term also covers drug delivery systems and diagnostic compounds.

Birds are warm-blooded, feather-bearing, egg-laying, amniotic vertebrates having the fore-limbs modified into wings. Ornithology is the scientific study of birds.
Listed sites are the official homepages, as found by visiting the university or institution main page & then following links to the department of biology. Post secondary or higher only.
GPS (Global Positioning System) consists of 24 satellites in orbit. With appropriate receiving equipment the system can be used to determine geographical co-ordinates such as position and height. There are many uses of GPS including navigation, mapping, surveying, and monitoring. This Open Directory Category is for GPS sites that relate to Geomantics, that is the study and measurement of the physical environment of the earth.
Covers the development of science within a regional, topical, social or political context. Many scientific discoveries were influenced or hindered by the political and cultural climate of the times.
In this category you can find everything on the possibilities of time travel (illusion or reality?) in the framework of Einstein's theory of relativity.
This category is concerned with NMR, EPR, MRI and NQR. There are categories for user guides, commercial vendors of NMR systems and supplies, NMR theory, magnet safety, shimming, in short nearly everything to do with the use, repair and operation of a NMR, EPR, MRI or NQR system. 07/23/00
Permaculture is an integrated design system for sustainability. The word "permaculture" is a contraction of "permanent agriculture" or "permanent culture." Its roots are in the design of productive ecosystems for farms and gardens. A central theme in permaculture is the design of ecological landscapes that produce food. Emphasis is placed on multi-use plants, cultural practices such as sheet mulching and trellising, and the integration of animals to recycle nutrients and graze weeds. Permaculture concepts also reach beyond farming and gardens that into designs for all types of resilient, sustainable structures, both physical and social. It is a philosophy of maximum effort at the design stage to allow minimum effort and side-effects once the system is running, instead of the conventional method which is often the reverse.

The Mining and Drilling sector comprises industries and companies involved in extracting naturally occurring mineral solids, such as coal and ores; liquid minerals, such as crude petroleum; and gases, such as natural gas. quarrying, well operations, beneficiating (e.g., crushing, screening, washing, and flotation), and other preparation customarily performed at the mine site, or as a part of mining activity.

Industries and companies involved in Oil and Gas extraction are listed under Business/Energy_and_Environment/Oil_and_Gas/

(Source: This category description is based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS), 1997).

Ayurveda is a holistic system of healing which evolved among the Brahmin sages of ancient India some 3000-5000 years ago. Ayurveda is a complete medical system which recognizes that ultimately all intelligence and wisdom flows from one Absolute source (Paramatman). Health manifests by the grace of the Absolute acting through the laws of Nature (Prakriti). Ayurveda assists Nature by promoting harmony between the individual and Nature by living a life of balance according to her laws.
This category lists sites especially for institutional astronomical research centers.
This category covers the arts, sciences, and technology of aeronautics and astronautics.
Desertification is a man-made or natural process of degrading arable land into that which has such poor soil that farming is not possible or is nearly impossible. Human causes include over-farming, leveling forests for farm land or urban development, and the use of river dams. Natural causes include climate change toward less yearly rainfall, and erosion caused by water, wind or gravity.
The Chordate category includes sites devoted to the organisms in the Phylum Craniata (our phylum), Phylum Cephalochordata, and Phylum Urochordata. Included in this category are the vertebrate classes fish, amphibians, reptiles, mammals and birds.
Fish are cold-blooded, aquatic vertebrates breathing by means of gills and having fins supported by skeletal rods called fin-rays. The class includes the bony fishes and the cartilaginous fishes. Ichthyology is the scientific study of fish.
Reptiles are cold-blooded, air-breathing vertebrates having the skin covered with scales. The class includes tortoises, turtles, lizards, snakes and the Crocodilia.
Amphibians are cold-blooded vertebrates with smooth skin. The class includes salamanders, frogs, toads and newts.
Herpetology is the scientific study of reptiles and amphibians.
Current news and features about science and technology.
DNA is an abbreviation of DeoxyriboNucleic Acid.
It is the genetic 'blueprint' of all life on this planet.
This category contains information about forensic biology; more specifically, the genotyping or genetic typing of DNA.
DNA typing is often applied to Human Identification
which has also been called DNA Fingerprinting.
In the forensic community, this term generally refers to human DNA obtained from biological evidence.
There may however be cases where DNA from other sources is under examination.
This category will provide information on sites covering various aspects of women and science/technology, including links to technical and professional organizations geared to women and support groups for women in the sciences and technology.
This site is devoted to Biomedical Engineering, either in the electrical and mechanical engineering field. Submit your site too!!!
To anthropologists, culture is the complex of learned, non-genetic behavior shared by the members of a society. Cultural anthropologists document the cultures of specific societies, and/or compare different societies in order to derive general principles of cultural evolution and human adaptation. It is the emphasis on cross-cultural comparison that helps distinguish cultural anthropology from many other Western social sciences.
# The art or science of planning and building structures. Sites and categories may include, but not limited to: # Academic Departments # Architectural Photographers # Architectural practices, companies and firms # Organizations, including trade associations, # Preservation societies, and special interest groups. # Building types, such as lighthouses and skyscrapers.
The healthcare industry is becoming increasingly reliant on information technology and computers to improve efficiency and reduce costs.
Devices, formulation and drug delivery technologies that improve the performance of pharmaceutical drugs/compounds.
The Government category includes the regional government - presently the Interim Administration led by Hamid Karzai -, websites of embassies and information on Afghan law. It also contains information on the Loya Jirga - the traditional Afghan Grand Council - taking place June 10-16 to elect a Head of State for Afghanistan's Transitional Administration and to propose its structure and key personnel. General information on Afghan politics is linked in Regional/Asia/Afghanistan/Society_and_Culture/Politics. Information on international efforts to rebuild and strengthen the Afghan government can be found in Society/Issues/Warfare_and_Conflict/Specific_Conflicts/Afghanistan_Civil_War/Peace_Process.
Activities included in this Category: advertising and marketing, agriculture, automotive, beauty and cosmetic services, business to business, classifieds, computers and internet, construction and maintenance, directories, economic development, employment, entertainment and media, event planning, financial services, funeral services, home and garden, industrial, insurance, legal services, marine sales and services, oil and gas, organizations, printing, public utilities, publishing, real estate, restaurants and bars, services, shipping, storage, and logistics, shopping, telecommunications, and wineries.
This category includes all aspects of Cryogenics: the production and study of extreme sub-zero temperatures. This includes the production, use, and storage of liquid gases (nitrogen, oxygen, helium), mechanical freezers for those temperatures, and the attempts to reach absolute zero. It also includes a recent use of cryogenic technology in which metals are dipped in liquid nitrogen to improve various qualities.
Conferences, meetings and workshops are an important part of the technological enterprise. Most conferences fit in a category for conferences in a specific area of technology. These categories are listed as links from the Science:Technology:Conferences category, which also lists sites for broad-spectrum scientific meetings and for organizations that conduct meetings in a wide range of fields.
General or multi-disciplined finite element codes.

If a finite element code is specific to an engineering discipline (Aerospace Engineering, Chemical Engineering, etc.) it should be submitted under the appropriate category.