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Term: life


Topics from Topodia matching the term "life"
Artificial Intelligence is a field of science that has several goals. The first, often called "weak" AI, is the effort to design and implement computer systems that can perform tasks requiring intelligence when performed by humans. AI in computer games, knowledge based systems and such are typical examples of this branch. The second, less tangible branch, often called "strong" AI, is the research that ultimatly aims to build artificial systems that display real intelligence. It does this by trying to understand or model the nature of human intelligence. Both branches are multidisciplinary, in that they have close relations with the fields of computer science, philosophy, medicine, psychology, biology and linguistics.
Robotics is a term coined by Isaac Asimov to describe the field of science involving robots and related technologies. So what is a robot? The word comes from a 1923 Czech play called R.U.R. and described autonomous, humanoid robot servants. The original Czech word was robota, which means "servitude or forced labor". According to the Syrius Cybernetics Corporation of Douglas Adams' Hitchiker's Guide to the Galaxy, a robot is "your plastic pal who's fun to be with". A more conventional definition is, "A mechanical device that sometimes resembles a human and is capable of performing a variety of often complex human tasks". There are many other definitions, some a bit too narrow and some far too broad. We try to be as inclusive as possible, accepting sites about hobby robotics, industrial robotics, even those about the radio-controlled entertainment vehicles of "Robot Wars". Enjoy our selections. And if you don't agree with some of our choices, rest easy in the knowledge that someone else out there wouldn't agree with yours.

Ecology is a branch of science dealing with the interrelationships of organisms with one another and with their nonliving environment.

These relationships include physiological responses of individuals, structure and dynamics of populations, interactions among species, organization of biological communities, and processing of energy and matter in ecosystems.

Math or mathematics is the study of numbers and variables representing numbers to solve everyday problems, learn about the world around us or to be an exercise in logical reasoning.

Some applications of math are in the areas of finance, physics, sociology, computer programming, fractal music and geometric art.

"Physics is the study and application of the fundamental laws of nature, including the laws of motion, gravity, electromagnetism, heat, and microscopic interactions. These laws govern the behavior of objects at all scales, from the smallest subatomic particles to the entire observable universe. In between, physicists study nuclear reactions, the interactions of atoms with light, properties of solids, chaotic dynamics of fluids, and the evolution of stars and galaxies, among many other applications."

If this doesn't tickle your fancy, there is always the quote from Rutherford: "In science, there is only physics; all the rest is stamp collecting."

Critical evaluation of alternative science, paranormal phenomena, news reports about science, etc.
Sociology encompasses and overlaps many fields involves in the study of social relationships and institutions, including organizational behavior, societal development and structure, and cross-cultural interaction. The term "sociology" as the scientific analysis of collective human behavior was coined in 1838 by Auguste Comte, but Max Weber and ?mile Durkheim are generally credited as the founders of the modern field. The listings in this category are self-consciously restricted to links offering academic content or information. This also means that commercial sites that don't provide academic content (e.g., book sellers as compared to academic journal sites maintained by publishers) will not be listed.
Science is constantly reshaping itself through unexpected observations, new ideas, and revisions to old theories. While terms like "anomalies" or "alternative" may seem pejorative from an orthodox perspective, from an historical view these are the topics are the very life-blood of science. We must have heretics and revolutionaries challenging our beliefs, and advancing the state of the believable, otherwise science will stagnate into dogma.
Cryptozoology is the study of hidden animals not formally recognized by science, but supported in some way by other forms of evidence such as eyewitness accounts or tracks. Examples include Bigfoot and lake monsters(such as the Loch Ness Monster).
History, in brief, is the humanity which explains the human condition based on the chronological record of significant events and their related causes.
The paranormal deals with that which cannot be scientifically explained. ESP, Extraterrestrial Life, Psychic Powers, and other topics are covered here.
Classics is the study and appreciation of the culture and wisdom of antiquity, in language, literature, philosophy, history, and related humanities. This category includes links to resources and organizations of classicists, English translations of works in ancient Greek and Latin, and crosslinks to related ODP subjects.
Webpages that offer advice and employment information for careers in the sciences.
This subcategory contains information pertaining to employee compensation and benefits. This includes wages, medical insurance, leave plans, retirement plans, 401(k)plans, cafeteria plans and other related information.
This category is for artificial life information, simulations, discussions and related sub topics like art and games.
Cancer is the common term for tumors (neoplasms) characterized by uncontrolled growth at the cell level. The branch of medicine concerned with diagnosis, treatment, and research into the causes of cancer is oncology. Cancer medical specialists are termed oncologist. Best Category 500 to 5000 Sites Winner
An allergy is a sensitivity to a certain substance which, in similar quantity, is tolerated by non-allergic people. The allergen is the specific protein substance that a person is allergic to. The presence of this allergen in the body causes a series of chemical reactions in the immune system which result in individual signs & symptoms. The tendency to be allergic is inherited; the actual allergy is not inherited.
Oriental medicine includes various Eastern indigenous traditions: Chinese, Japanese, Thai, Korean, Polynesian, Vietnamese, Tibetan. Most have their bases in the philosophical foundation of the East: yin/yang theory.
Chiropractic is a method of treatment used by Chiropractors. Chiropractors specialise in the diagnosis and treatment of conditions which are due to mechanical dysfunction of the joints, particularly those of the spine. Chiropractors believe that many health problems are due to misalignment or subluxation of the joints in the spine and that this leads to problems with the nervous or neurological system of the body resulting in symptoms, pain, disease and ill health. By adjusting the joints of the spine or other joints of the body they help restore normal function. They treat people who have had accidents or sports injuries and those whose conditions may have been brought on by stress, lack of exercise, poor posture or illness. There are a number of different chiropractic methods of treatment. Some chiropractors also offer massage, advice on nutrition, diet, lifestyle, exercise and ergonomic advice.
Schools, graduate programs and resources offering medical educational material for the healthcare professional.
...Informatics is an emerging discipline that has been defined as the study, invention, and implementation of structures and algorithms to improve communication, understanding and management of medical information. The end objective of biomedical informatics is the coalescing of data, knowledge, and the tools necessary to apply that data and knowledge in the decision-making process, at the time and place that a decision needs to be made. The focus on the structures and algorithms necessary to manipulate the information separates Biomedical Informatics from other medical disciplines where information content is the focus." Aamir M. Zakaria., MD "Medical Informatics Frequently Asked Questions"
Breathwork covers a range of therapeutic techniques designed to increase an individual's physical and mental well being. These techniques look to improve the awareness of breathing habits, and in some cases attempt to consciously change the way an individual takes in and expels air.
Orthodontics is a specialty which deals with the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of dental and facial irregularities caused by crooked, crowded or protruding teeth, or poorly aligned jaws.
Toxic substances can be found in most places of work, and their safe use and storage is essential.
Attention deficit disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder are neuroldevelopmental conditions. Research indicates that problems producing neurotransmitters in the frontal lobe and limbic portions of the brain may be the cause.

Behaviors include distractibility, lack of impulse control, problems with organizing or sequencing tasks, restlessness, and forgetfulness.

This topic covers all areas in the field of child care- that is, caring for children. This includes child day care centers, family child care homes, nannies, au pairs, and baby-sitters.
Sites in this category contain jokes, essays, songs, students' test answers and other humorous content pertaining to science, math, engineering and statistics.
Hate your job? Join the club. These people are no longer just muttering under their breath but are letting their frustrations show. Come and watch the fireworks!
Science educational resources are educational products and services for teachers and students in the general field of science or cover more than one specialty in science. Some examples of webpages to be listed here include science workbooks, class activities, lesson plans, and mentoring programs.
NLP (Neuro-Linguistic Programming) is a powerful system for representing and influencing human behavior. It combines aspects of psychology, linguistics, and computer science. Its techniques have been applied to education, sales, therapy, and all sorts of other fields. Richard Bandler and John Grinder came up with the technology in the 1970's. Tony Robbins popularized it in the 1980's. In the 1990's, Bandler returned with DHE, or Design Human Engineering. Today, NLP's popularity is growing on the internet. These sites represent some of the most useful NLP resources on and off the web.
Definition attributable to University of California at Hayward (see link on this ODP page) 1. The emerging synthesis of ecology and psychology 2. The skillful application of ecological insight to the practice of psychotherapy 3. The study of our emotional bond with the Earth 4. The search for an environmentally-based standard of mental health 5. Re-defining "sanity" as if the whole world mattered Reference: http://isis.csuhayward.edu/ALSS/ECO/index.html
The scientific study of material remains of past human life and activities in ancient Egypt from the pre-Dynastic to the end of the Ptolemaic Period in 30 BC. It is about the process of archaeological research more than the resulting understanding of history.
This category lists sites specifically for the non-professional areas of astronomy. Amateurs are also known as "backyard astronomers."

The Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence. Institutes and programs for scientific and educational projects relevant to the nature, distribution, and prevalence of life in the universe.

The Solar System currently consists of the Sun, nine planets, and the many asteroids and comets that also orbit the Sun.
Organic Chemistry is the branch of chemistry dealing with the compounds of carbon.
Science (including social sciences applications) and technology related to electric power transmission and power generation, if not specific to a particular energy source.
Water "resources" are the waters that people use or might use for human consumption, industry, etc.

Topics may include hydrology, water supply, water distribution, water quality, wastewater, flooding, surface water (rivers, streams, and lakes), groundwater, drinking water, and water treatment technology.

Biodiversity is not easily defined. Try What is Biodiversity? and Defining The 'B' Word for approaches with differing emphases. Below is a definition adapted from the World Resources Institute, World Conservation Union, and United Nations Environment Programme in Global Biodiversity Strategy 1992.

"Biodiversity is the totality of genes, species, and ecosystems in a region... Biodiversity can be divided into three hierarchical categories -- genes, species, and ecosystems -- that describe quite different aspects of living systems and that scientists measure in different ways.

Genetic diversity refers to the variation of genes within species. This covers distinct populations of the same species (such as the thousands of traditional rice varieties in India) or genetic variation within a populations (high among Indian rhinos, and very low among cheetahs) ...

Species diversity refers to the variety of species within a region. Such diversity can be measured in many ways, and scientists have not settled on a single best method. The number of species in a region -- its species richness -- is one often- used measure, but a more precise measurement, taxonomic diversity, also considers the relationship of species to each other. For example, an island with two species of birds and one species of lizard has a greater taxonomic diversity than an island with three species of birds but no lizards ...

Ecosystem diversity is harder to measure than species or genetic diversity because the boundaries of communities -- associations of species -- and ecosystems are elusive. Nevertheless, as long as a consistent set of criteria is used to define communities and ecosystems, their numbers and distribution can be measured ..."

Resources related to biodiversity or conservation as an issue or a topic of debate belong primarily in the relevant subcategory of Society/Issues/Environment.

Related: (very comprehensive guide) Where should I submit my website about animals? Or, where will I find the animal topic I am looking for?

One definition of Pollution Prevention is: "The use of processes, practices, materials, products or energy that avoid or minimize the creation of pollutants and waste, and reduce overall risk to human health or the environment." Industrial ecology is also a closely related area. This category is primarily for resources related to waste minimization by source reduction (using fewer resources), reuse, and recycling. Composting is a technique for waste minimization, so there is a cross-link to the category Home/Gardens/Composting. Control of air and water pollution are covered in other categories of Science/Environment.
Pi = 3.1415926535... An irrational number, a never ending yet never repeating decimal, Pi has been calculated and explored throughout history from the ancient times to the present.
Paleontology is the study of past life, mostly through fossils, which are the preserved remains of ancient life forms. This category includes resources related to the science of paleontology, as well as for collectors of fossils.
The geology of gold garners a level of interest that is out of proportion to its inherent scientific interest or its relative importance in technology and industry.
Link collections, annotated directories, and search engines for philosophy and related areas.
The search for wisdom through open debate. Sites submitted to this category should be in some way interactive and accommodate public discussion of a philosophical nature.
This category is devoted to the teaching of philosophy. It is supposed to provide resources for philosophy teachers, mostly at the college and university level, including sites on pedagogy in philosophy teaching, the teaching of particular subject areas, syllabi, handouts, etc. Philosophy sites which are of use mostly for students of philosophy, including online courses and course websites with substantial philosophical content should go in the most appropriate subcategory of Society/Philosophy.
Biotechnology refers to the use of cellular and molecular processes in drug discovery and manufacturing, research, and biologically engineered food production.

Pharmaceuticals include over-the-counter and prescription medications, vitamins and nutritional supplements. The term also covers drug delivery systems and diagnostic compounds.

This category is intended for websites about the biology of specific organisms or taxonomic groups. The structure is organized according to a taxonomy tree, with the top-level subcategories being the five Kingdoms plus Viruses. Potential contents include descriptions and images of the organisms, classification, anatomy, physiology, behavior, distribution, reproduction and life cycle, habitat, biological or ecological aspects of management, endangered-species status, etc. Note: In establishing the taxonomy-based category structure, some subtaxons and taxon levels are intentionally omitted for: 1) escaping from "unstable" taxons; 2) ease in navigation; 3) convenience in editing.
Microbiology is the study of microbes, including: bacteria, viruses, prions, fungi, and parasites.
Sites in this category pertain to members of the Kingdom Animalia and are organized primarily by phyla or groups of phyla.
Listed sites are the official homepages, as found by visiting the university or institution main page & then following links to the department of biology. Post secondary or higher only.
The kingdom Fungi comprises not only the more familiar mushrooms and toadstools but also lichens, moulds, rusts, smuts and rot. In fact what we see are the fruiting bodies of the fungi,these being supported by a network of root-like strands called hyphae beneath the surface. Most fungi are saprobes, breaking down organic material and especially wood. Some are parasites and may be significant agents of plant or animal disease and some form a mutually beneficial relationship with the roots of plants. The phylum Basidiomycota includes the common mushrooms and toadstools, puffballs and bracket fungi and the phylum Ascomycota includes truffles, morels and other fungi with cup-shaped, club-shaped or various strangely-shaped fruiting bodies. There is great diversity in shape of these and their appearance may not be a good guide to their classification. The other main phyla are the Zygomycota or pin-moulds and the Chytridiomycota whose members are mostly aquatic, some being parasites. Modern genetic analysis is showing unexpected relationships between disparate groups and demonstrating that what had been thought to be closely related groups are actually far apart. The Fungi are now thought to be more closely related to the animal kingdom than the plant kingdom. Subcategories are organized according to the taxon tree: - Divisions -- Families --- Genera
The study of human (and other primate) biological evolution adaptation, and diversity.
This category is for listing sites dealing with the genetics of the human race.
This category includes sites that offer all types of furniture products intended primarily for interior residential use for sale. Sites that sell outdoor furniture are listed in Shopping: Home and Garden: Patio: Furniture.
This category comprises establishments primarily engaged in preparing the dead for burial or interment and conducting funerals (i.e., providing facilities for wakes, arranging transportation for the dead, selling caskets and related merchandise). Also included are establishments primarily engaged in operating sites or structures reserved for the interment of human or animal remains and/or cremating the dead.
Covers the development of science within a regional, topical, social or political context. Many scientific discoveries were influenced or hindered by the political and cultural climate of the times.
The Religious Studies category contains academic sites, references on primary sources (such as texts from various religious traditions), and other resources for the study of religions from an objective or comparative viewpoint. Sites that emphasize the study of a particular religion by adherents of that religion are classifed with that religion.
This category lists web pages that offer information on sacred geometry observations. Sacred geometry is the observation of geometric forms in relation to sacred terms where sacred terms might be resolved as sacred measures. Sacred geometry can be observed through sacred architecture, fine art, music, and literary works such as Saint Teresa of Avila's "Interior Castle". It is about the playing of harmony among things created.
Criminal law covers all aspects of law enforcement activity from the point of the identification, interrogation and arrest of a suspect, through the trial process, conviction, sentencing, incarcaration, probation and parole, and eventual discharge from custody of a convicted criminal, and any ongoing duty for the convicted criminal to register with local authorities. It also covers victim's rights issues.
This category is intended to reflect links to bona-fide law enforcement agencies or links to sites whose primary purpose is to offer support or services to law enforcement agencies. Private security type agencies and services should be submitted to the appropriate category under Business/Industries/Security/.
Sites pertaining to aliens and UFOs (unidentified flying objects.)

If you have a personally-owned (not company) site that does not pertain to any specific field of UFO research, please submit it to the Personal Pages subcategory.

Astrology is an ancient science. Astrologers believe that events in the heavens and those on the earth mirror one another, sharing as they do a common space and time. Astrology is not just about sun signs, and nor is it a form of fortune telling. It is about maximising human potential through the information offered in the natal chart.
In this category you can find everything on the possibilities of time travel (illusion or reality?) in the framework of Einstein's theory of relativity.
Permaculture is an integrated design system for sustainability. The word "permaculture" is a contraction of "permanent agriculture" or "permanent culture." Its roots are in the design of productive ecosystems for farms and gardens. A central theme in permaculture is the design of ecological landscapes that produce food. Emphasis is placed on multi-use plants, cultural practices such as sheet mulching and trellising, and the integration of animals to recycle nutrients and graze weeds. Permaculture concepts also reach beyond farming and gardens that into designs for all types of resilient, sustainable structures, both physical and social. It is a philosophy of maximum effort at the design stage to allow minimum effort and side-effects once the system is running, instead of the conventional method which is often the reverse.
Kitchen and Bath Designers are design professionals that are not licensed architects providing design services to homeowners, contractors and businesses.
This category is a "white pages" for computer science researchers. Any person who has made a significant contribution to the field is eligible to be listed. (By this definition, anyone with a Ph.D. certainly qualifies by default.) Such submissions are encouraged! A candidates' web page should have complete information about their work, including links to their publications. The description for each person listed should give their institution (if any) and then a list of keywords describing their research interests. This category may eventually contain a huge number of researchers in many diverse areas, so the keywords should be very specific.
Coaching is a place where practitioners and providers of education on such "life coaching" modalities like Mastery and the Forum can be listed. Targeted publications and training centers would also be appropriate.
Energy healing incorporates many modalities, from traditional ethnic practices to modern techniques developed from bioenergetic research. Since the living human body projects an energy field (aura) around it, it is possible to affect the solid corporeal body by working with its energetic projection.
Ayurveda is a holistic system of healing which evolved among the Brahmin sages of ancient India some 3000-5000 years ago. Ayurveda is a complete medical system which recognizes that ultimately all intelligence and wisdom flows from one Absolute source (Paramatman). Health manifests by the grace of the Absolute acting through the laws of Nature (Prakriti). Ayurveda assists Nature by promoting harmony between the individual and Nature by living a life of balance according to her laws.
Qigong instructors offering classes to the general public in Asia.
Since 1990, the ADA has defined oral and maxillofacial surgery as "the specialty of dentistry which includes the diagnosis, surgical and adjunctive treatment of diseases, injuries and defects involving both the functional and esthetic aspects of the hard and soft tissues of the oral and maxillofacial region. Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons in the US and many other nations have 4 to 7 years of hospital based residency training following the 4 year dental curriculum and receipt of the DDS or DMD degree. They treat conditions, defects, injuries, and esthetic aspects of the mouth, teeth, jaws, and face. It involves caring for patients who have problem wisdom teeth, facial pain, and misaligned jaws. Oral and maxillofacial surgeons also treat accident victims suffering facial injuries, offer reconstructive and dental implant surgery, and care for patients with tumors and cysts of the head and neck. This category includes informational and educational sites involved with all aspects of oral and maxillofacial surgery.
General science museums feature exhibits, interactive experiences, and educational opportunities related to science and engineering (also known as technology).
This category lists sites especially for institutional astronomical research centers.
The Chordate category includes sites devoted to the organisms in the Phylum Craniata (our phylum), Phylum Cephalochordata, and Phylum Urochordata. Included in this category are the vertebrate classes fish, amphibians, reptiles, mammals and birds.
Fish are cold-blooded, aquatic vertebrates breathing by means of gills and having fins supported by skeletal rods called fin-rays. The class includes the bony fishes and the cartilaginous fishes. Ichthyology is the scientific study of fish.
Reptiles are cold-blooded, air-breathing vertebrates having the skin covered with scales. The class includes tortoises, turtles, lizards, snakes and the Crocodilia.
Amphibians are cold-blooded vertebrates with smooth skin. The class includes salamanders, frogs, toads and newts.
Herpetology is the scientific study of reptiles and amphibians.
Current news and features about science and technology.
Sites listed here are websites that manufacture footwear. If the site your submitting is a retail site (sells to the general public) please submit your site under the. Shopping category.
This category will provide information on sites covering various aspects of women and science/technology, including links to technical and professional organizations geared to women and support groups for women in the sciences and technology.
This site is devoted to Biomedical Engineering, either in the electrical and mechanical engineering field. Submit your site too!!!
Information on the aesthetic and technical aspects of conceptualizing interior residential and commercial spaces.
The Alexander Technique is a long-established method of helping people learn how to release harmful physical stress from their body - stress that can result in such symptoms as backache, stiff neck and shoulders and a variety of repetitive strain injuries. It is also widely used by performers who wish to improve the quality of their work.
To anthropologists, culture is the complex of learned, non-genetic behavior shared by the members of a society. Cultural anthropologists document the cultures of specific societies, and/or compare different societies in order to derive general principles of cultural evolution and human adaptation. It is the emphasis on cross-cultural comparison that helps distinguish cultural anthropology from many other Western social sciences.
# The art or science of planning and building structures. Sites and categories may include, but not limited to: # Academic Departments # Architectural Photographers # Architectural practices, companies and firms # Organizations, including trade associations, # Preservation societies, and special interest groups. # Building types, such as lighthouses and skyscrapers.