Topic search for nature - Topodia makes research easy.

artificial intelligence , bibliography , journal , genetic algorithms , neural networks

Artificial Intelligence is a field of science that has several goals. The first, often called "weak" AI, is the effort to design and implement computer systems that can perform tasks requiring intelligence when performed by humans. AI in computer games, knowledge based systems and such are typical examples of this branch. The second, less tangible branch, often called "strong" AI, is the research that ultimatly aims to build artificial systems that display real intelligence. It does this by trying to understand or model the nature of human intelligence. Both branches are multidisciplinary, in that they have close relations with the fields of computer science, philosophy, medicine, psychology, biology and linguistics.

Aeronautics

test pilot , srn , photos , javascript , aircraft

This category deals with all things pertaining to the technology, theory, and science of aeronautics. Here you will find sites that describe the technical aspects of flying, aviation and aeronautics.

Ecology

strong advocate , biodiversity , wilderness , biological diversity , brad shaw

Ecology is a branch of science dealing with the interrelationships of organisms with one another and with their nonliving environment.

These relationships include physiological responses of individuals, structure and dynamics of populations, interactions among species, organization of biological communities, and processing of energy and matter in ecosystems.

Cognitive Science

cognitive science , mit press , review , evolution , mental models

Cognitive science topics which may span one or more specific sciences including psychology and medicine. Sites, works and indices that assume a scientific model in their processes, references or information gathering and summary.

Energy

system , potential energy , kinetic energy , energy , energy star

In general, the concept of energy refers to the potential for causing changes. In physics, energy is the ability to do work and has many different forms (potential, kinetic, electromagnetic, etc.) No matter what its form, physical energy has the same units as work; a force applied through a distance. The SI unit of energy, the joule, equals one newton applied through one meter.
Topics for this category include energy resources, energy utilization technologies, technology research and technical innovations, and analytical aspects of energy policy.

Fluid Mechanics and Dynamics

salients , fluid salients , fluid flows , salient formation , beach face

A collection of scientific resources about the motion of fluids like liquids and gases.

Physics

physics , science , extra dimensions , loop quantum gravity , user comments

"Physics is the study and application of the fundamental laws of nature, including the laws of motion, gravity, electromagnetism, heat, and microscopic interactions. These laws govern the behavior of objects at all scales, from the smallest subatomic particles to the entire observable universe. In between, physicists study nuclear reactions, the interactions of atoms with light, properties of solids, chaotic dynamics of fluids, and the evolution of stars and galaxies, among many other applications."

If this doesn't tickle your fancy, there is always the quote from Rutherford: "In science, there is only physics; all the rest is stamp collecting."

Skeptical Inquiry

science , review , skepticism , astrology , scientific method

Critical evaluation of alternative science, paranormal phenomena, news reports about science, etc.

Sociology

sociology , journal , research , university , sociologists

Sociology encompasses and overlaps many fields involves in the study of social relationships and institutions, including organizational behavior, societal development and structure, and cross-cultural interaction. The term "sociology" as the scientific analysis of collective human behavior was coined in 1838 by Auguste Comte, but Max Weber and ?mile Durkheim are generally credited as the founders of the modern field. The listings in this category are self-consciously restricted to links offering academic content or information. This also means that commercial sites that don't provide academic content (e.g., book sellers as compared to academic journal sites maintained by publishers) will not be listed.

Anomalies and Alternative Science

science , correlation function , superstitions , planetary fluctuations , diagonal method

Science is constantly reshaping itself through unexpected observations, new ideas, and revisions to old theories. While terms like "anomalies" or "alternative" may seem pejorative from an orthodox perspective, from an historical view these are the topics are the very life-blood of science. We must have heretics and revolutionaries challenging our beliefs, and advancing the state of the believable, otherwise science will stagnate into dogma.

Cryptozoology

cryptozoology , bigfoot , loren coleman , sightings , cryptozoologists

Cryptozoology is the study of hidden animals not formally recognized by science, but supported in some way by other forms of evidence such as eyewitness accounts or tracks. Examples include Bigfoot and lake monsters(such as the Loch Ness Monster).

Acoustics, Ultrasound and Vibration

fourier transform , frequency , basilar membrane , inner ear , sound waves

Future

local copy , browser , national intelligence council , united states , development

This category is for speculation and research about the future, including competing views by futurists.

Music

african music , west africa , africa , culture , mopti

Sites about music in Africa.

Biometrics

biometrics , identification , biometric characteristic , biometric characteristics , human identification

Biometric authentication is the science of verifying a person's identity based on personal characteristics, such as voice, facial characteristics and fingerprints. Biometrics are used to create security solutions for multiple markets, including network, data, telephony, Internet and physical access.

Artificial Life

artificial life , research , evolution , evolutionary computation , genetic programming

This category is for artificial life information, simulations, discussions and related sub topics like art and games.

Acupuncture and Chinese Medicine

acupuncture , traditional chinese medicine , oriental medicine , chalk , tcm

Oriental medicine includes various Eastern indigenous traditions: Chinese, Japanese, Thai, Korean, Polynesian, Vietnamese, Tibetan. Most have their bases in the philosophical foundation of the East: yin/yang theory.

Informatics

subrahmanyam karuturi , health informatics , reliable computer models , browse healthcybermap , marco zeimet

...Informatics is an emerging discipline that has been defined as the study, invention, and implementation of structures and algorithms to improve communication, understanding and management of medical information. The end objective of biomedical informatics is the coalescing of data, knowledge, and the tools necessary to apply that data and knowledge in the decision-making process, at the time and place that a decision needs to be made. The focus on the structures and algorithms necessary to manipulate the information separates Biomedical Informatics from other medical disciplines where information content is the focus." Aamir M. Zakaria., MD "Medical Informatics Frequently Asked Questions"

Immunizations

vaccine , vaccines , infectious diseases , vaccinia virus , vaccination

Science

computer , science , computers , improbable research , solar cells

Sites in this category contain jokes, essays, songs, students' test answers and other humorous content pertaining to science, math, engineering and statistics.

Educational Resources

osgood file , science , america radio reports , scientists , full story

Science educational resources are educational products and services for teachers and students in the general field of science or cover more than one specialty in science. Some examples of webpages to be listed here include science workbooks, class activities, lesson plans, and mentoring programs.

Ecopsychology

ecopsychology , natural systems , nature , degree programs , project natureconnect

Definition attributable to University of California at Hayward (see link on this ODP page) 1. The emerging synthesis of ecology and psychology 2. The skillful application of ecological insight to the practice of psychotherapy 3. The study of our emotional bond with the Earth 4. The search for an environmentally-based standard of mental health 5. Re-defining "sanity" as if the whole world mattered Reference: http://isis.csuhayward.edu/ALSS/ECO/index.html

Mechanical Engineering

new mechanical engineering tv show service , structural mechanics books , new date , science , principles

The branch of engineering concerned with the design, manufacture, installation, and operation of engines, machines, and manufacturing processes. It involves the application of dynamics, control, thermodynamics and heat transfer, fluid mechanics, strength of materials, material science, tribology, mathematics, and computation.

Biodiversity

species , biodiversity , biological diversity , variety , ecosystems

Biodiversity is not easily defined. Try What is Biodiversity? and Defining The 'B' Word for approaches with differing emphases. Below is a definition adapted from the World Resources Institute, World Conservation Union, and United Nations Environment Programme in Global Biodiversity Strategy 1992.

"Biodiversity is the totality of genes, species, and ecosystems in a region... Biodiversity can be divided into three hierarchical categories -- genes, species, and ecosystems -- that describe quite different aspects of living systems and that scientists measure in different ways.

Genetic diversity refers to the variation of genes within species. This covers distinct populations of the same species (such as the thousands of traditional rice varieties in India) or genetic variation within a populations (high among Indian rhinos, and very low among cheetahs) ...

Species diversity refers to the variety of species within a region. Such diversity can be measured in many ways, and scientists have not settled on a single best method. The number of species in a region -- its species richness -- is one often- used measure, but a more precise measurement, taxonomic diversity, also considers the relationship of species to each other. For example, an island with two species of birds and one species of lizard has a greater taxonomic diversity than an island with three species of birds but no lizards ...

Ecosystem diversity is harder to measure than species or genetic diversity because the boundaries of communities -- associations of species -- and ecosystems are elusive. Nevertheless, as long as a consistent set of criteria is used to define communities and ecosystems, their numbers and distribution can be measured ..."

Resources related to biodiversity or conservation as an issue or a topic of debate belong primarily in the relevant subcategory of Society/Issues/Environment.

Related: (very comprehensive guide) Where should I submit my website about animals? Or, where will I find the animal topic I am looking for?

Chaos and Fractals

fractals , fractal , mandelbrot , iterations , complex plane

A fractal is a chaotic mathematic object which can be divided into parts, each of which is similar to the original object. Fractals are said to possess infinite detail, and are generally self-similar and independent of scale. In many cases a fractal can be generated by a repeating pattern, typically a recursive or iterative process. The term fractal was coined in 1975 by Benoît Mandelbrot, from the Latin fractus or "broken"/"fraction". Chaos theory, in mathematics and physics, deals with the behavior of certain nonlinear dynamical systems that (under certain conditions) exhibit the phenomenon known as chaos, most famously characterised by sensitivity to initial conditions. Systems that exhibit mathematical chaos are deterministic and thus orderly in some sense; this technical use of the word chaos is at odds with common parlance, which suggests complete disorder.

Chaos

chaos theory , initial conditions , l-systems , systems , dynamical systems

Chaos theory, in mathematics and physics, deals with the behavior of certain nonlinear dynamical systems that (under certain conditions) exhibit the phenomenon known as chaos, most famously characterised by sensitivity to initial conditions. Systems that exhibit mathematical chaos are deterministic and thus orderly in some sense; this technical use of the word chaos is at odds with common parlance, which suggests complete disorder.

Pi

diameter , circumference , digits , ratio , decimal places

Pi = 3.1415926535... An irrational number, a never ending yet never repeating decimal, Pi has been calculated and explored throughout history from the ancient times to the present.

Minerals

minerals , fluorescent minerals , minrls mineral program , mineral software , faroe islands

Web sites about minerals and mineralogy.

Semiotics

semiotics , communication , saussure , stewart , environment

The term Semiotics stems from the Greek word seemeiootikee--the study of signs, what they represent and signify, and how we act and think in their milieu. Semiotics is the study of signs and signifying practices which influenced artistic writing of the 1980s and 1990s.

Directories

university , internet , mailing list , christopher scott wyatt , ethics

Link collections, annotated directories, and search engines for philosophy and related areas.

Chats and Forums

god , hits , code buttons , global mod , forum

The search for wisdom through open debate. Sites submitted to this category should be in some way interactive and accommodate public discussion of a philosophical nature.

Education

courses , aesthetics , science , ethics , philosophy

This category is devoted to the teaching of philosophy. It is supposed to provide resources for philosophy teachers, mostly at the college and university level, including sites on pedagogy in philosophy teaching, the teaching of particular subject areas, syllabi, handouts, etc. Philosophy sites which are of use mostly for students of philosophy, including online courses and course websites with substantial philosophical content should go in the most appropriate subcategory of Society/Philosophy.

Particle

cern , particle physics , physics , detector , fermilab

Particle physics, often called High Energy Physics (HEP) deals with the smallest building blocks of everything around us - subatomic elementary particles.

It is not about particles you could see under a microscope (e.g. dust particles) and it is not about chemical molecules.

The World Wide Web was invented by particle physicists at CERN.

Relativity

general relativity , relativity , einstein , general theory , black holes

Classical mechanics generalized (extended) to realm of high velocities (special relativity), and strong gravitational fields (general relativity). In particular, the theory that time and space form a single 'spacetime' which is curved in the presence of energy and mass.

Flora and Fauna

species , northern ireland , photos , life web project , university

This category is intended for websites about the biology of specific organisms or taxonomic groups. The structure is organized according to a taxonomy tree, with the top-level subcategories being the five Kingdoms plus Viruses. Potential contents include descriptions and images of the organisms, classification, anatomy, physiology, behavior, distribution, reproduction and life cycle, habitat, biological or ecological aspects of management, endangered-species status, etc. Note: In establishing the taxonomy-based category structure, some subtaxons and taxon levels are intentionally omitted for: 1) escaping from "unstable" taxons; 2) ease in navigation; 3) convenience in editing.

Genetics

genetics , dna , science , ncbi , genome sizes

The study of genes

Stem Cells

stem cells , mike allen , scientists , embryonic stem cells , embryo

Fungi

fungi , species , fungus , spores , nematodes

The kingdom Fungi comprises not only the more familiar mushrooms and toadstools but also lichens, moulds, rusts, smuts and rot. In fact what we see are the fruiting bodies of the fungi,these being supported by a network of root-like strands called hyphae beneath the surface. Most fungi are saprobes, breaking down organic material and especially wood. Some are parasites and may be significant agents of plant or animal disease and some form a mutually beneficial relationship with the roots of plants. The phylum Basidiomycota includes the common mushrooms and toadstools, puffballs and bracket fungi and the phylum Ascomycota includes truffles, morels and other fungi with cup-shaped, club-shaped or various strangely-shaped fruiting bodies. There is great diversity in shape of these and their appearance may not be a good guide to their classification. The other main phyla are the Zygomycota or pin-moulds and the Chytridiomycota whose members are mostly aquatic, some being parasites. Modern genetic analysis is showing unexpected relationships between disparate groups and demonstrating that what had been thought to be closely related groups are actually far apart. The Fungi are now thought to be more closely related to the animal kingdom than the plant kingdom. Subcategories are organized according to the taxon tree: - Divisions -- Families --- Genera

Dendrology

species , united states , ddp team , u.s. department , arnold arboretum

Mycology

fungi , new zealand , photos , california , species

Mycology = the study of Fungi The total kingdom of Fungi - from single cell yeasts through to large ''mushrooms''. Cultivation, finding, photographs, commercial growing, etc - the lot!

Human

genes , human genome , genome , scientists , entire article

This category is for listing sites dealing with the genetics of the human race.

Death Care

end-of-life care , quality improvement , funeral industry practices trade regulation rule , palliative care , growth house

This category comprises establishments primarily engaged in preparing the dead for burial or interment and conducting funerals (i.e., providing facilities for wakes, arranging transportation for the dead, selling caskets and related merchandise). Also included are establishments primarily engaged in operating sites or structures reserved for the interment of human or animal remains and/or cremating the dead.

Science

science , scientific revolution , electrical machine , full text , internet archive

Covers the development of science within a regional, topical, social or political context. Many scientific discoveries were influenced or hindered by the political and cultural climate of the times.

Religious Studies

god , religion , world religions , mahayana buddhism , buddha

The Religious Studies category contains academic sites, references on primary sources (such as texts from various religious traditions), and other resources for the study of religions from an objective or comparative viewpoint. Sites that emphasize the study of a particular religion by adherents of that religion are classifed with that religion.

Sacred Geometry and Art

fibonacci numbers , geometry , mandala , phi , golden section

This category lists web pages that offer information on sacred geometry observations. Sacred geometry is the observation of geometric forms in relation to sacred terms where sacred terms might be resolved as sacred measures. Sacred geometry can be observed through sacred architecture, fine art, music, and literary works such as Saint Teresa of Avila's "Interior Castle". It is about the playing of harmony among things created.

Time Travel

time machine , time travel , einstein , mallett , dial

In this category you can find everything on the possibilities of time travel (illusion or reality?) in the framework of Einstein's theory of relativity.

Permaculture

permaculture , system , permaculture design , systems , natural systems

Permaculture is an integrated design system for sustainability. The word "permaculture" is a contraction of "permanent agriculture" or "permanent culture." Its roots are in the design of productive ecosystems for farms and gardens. A central theme in permaculture is the design of ecological landscapes that produce food. Emphasis is placed on multi-use plants, cultural practices such as sheet mulching and trellising, and the integration of animals to recycle nutrients and graze weeds. Permaculture concepts also reach beyond farming and gardens that into designs for all types of resilient, sustainable structures, both physical and social. It is a philosophy of maximum effort at the design stage to allow minimum effort and side-effects once the system is running, instead of the conventional method which is often the reverse.

Energy Healing

eft , vortexhealing , chakras , integratron , system

Energy healing incorporates many modalities, from traditional ethnic practices to modern techniques developed from bioenergetic research. Since the living human body projects an energy field (aura) around it, it is possible to affect the solid corporeal body by working with its energetic projection.

Ayurveda

ayurveda , ayurvedic medicine , imbalance , digestion , system

Ayurveda is a holistic system of healing which evolved among the Brahmin sages of ancient India some 3000-5000 years ago. Ayurveda is a complete medical system which recognizes that ultimately all intelligence and wisdom flows from one Absolute source (Paramatman). Health manifests by the grace of the Absolute acting through the laws of Nature (Prakriti). Ayurveda assists Nature by promoting harmony between the individual and Nature by living a life of balance according to her laws.

Science

science , museum , impression 5 , science museum , imagination station

General science museums feature exhibits, interactive experiences, and educational opportunities related to science and engineering (also known as technology).

Galaxies

galaxies , galaxy , milky way , andromeda , astro-ph preprint server

Herpetology

reptiles , amphibians , snakes , species , transmitter

Reptiles are cold-blooded, air-breathing vertebrates having the skin covered with scales. The class includes tortoises, turtles, lizards, snakes and the Crocodilia.
Amphibians are cold-blooded vertebrates with smooth skin. The class includes salamanders, frogs, toads and newts.
Herpetology is the scientific study of reptiles and amphibians.

News and Media

scientists , researchers , science , full story , thomas h. maugh ii

Current news and features about science and technology.

Alexander Technique

alexander technique , alexander , technique , special edition e-journal , london

The Alexander Technique is a long-established method of helping people learn how to release harmful physical stress from their body - stress that can result in such symptoms as backache, stiff neck and shoulders and a variety of repetitive strain injuries. It is also widely used by performers who wish to improve the quality of their work.

Color Therapies

colour , color , chakra , colour therapy , colours

Business and Economy

regional information centre , national networks , cais , agricultural institutions , agricultural sector

Activities included in this Category: advertising and marketing, agriculture, automotive, beauty and cosmetic services, business to business, classifieds, computers and internet, construction and maintenance, directories, economic development, employment, entertainment and media, event planning, financial services, funeral services, home and garden, industrial, insurance, legal services, marine sales and services, oil and gas, organizations, printing, public utilities, publishing, real estate, restaurants and bars, services, shipping, storage, and logistics, shopping, telecommunications, and wineries.

Conferences and Events

assistive technology , inclusive design , workshops , inclusive products , rehabilitation robotics

Conferences, meetings and workshops are an important part of the technological enterprise. Most conferences fit in a category for conferences in a specific area of technology. These categories are listed as links from the Science:Technology:Conferences category, which also lists sites for broad-spectrum scientific meetings and for organizations that conduct meetings in a wide range of fields.

Active Galactic Nuclei - Quasars

quasars , huge mass , galaxy , jet , active galaxies

Neurobiology

mitochondrion , neuron , protons , neurons , phase

Neurobiology is he branch of biology that studies the structure, functions and diseases of the nervous system of all animals, including humans.

Meetings

participants , israel , stem cells , development , biotechnology

Ecosystems

vegetation classification , national vegetation classification , esa panel , biomes , u.s. federal geographic data committee

An ecosystem is a community of organisms and their physical environment interacting as an ecological unit. This ODP category is for web sites related to particular ecosystems, such as forests, rain forests, tundra, prairies, and deserts.

Biotechnology

nucleus accumbens , mesolimbic dopamine system , dopaminergic neurons , natural selection , dna

Issues raised by modern Biotechnology

Bioethics

bioethics , ethics , consent , joseph schmucker-von koch , ibc

Fermat's Last Theorem

last theorem , fermat , wth power , conjecture , beal

History, Proof, and Conjectures related to Fermat's Last Theorem

Paleobotany

palaeobotanical research , hans steur , paleobotany pages , department , permian

Plant fossils and the evolution of plants.

Information Theory

information theory , system , linear complexity , sequence , algorithm

Encyclopedia Britannica's says that "the chief concern of information theory is to discover mathematical laws governing systems designed to communicate or manipulate information. It sets up quantitative measures of information and of the capacity of various systems to transmit, store, and otherwise process information. Some of the problems treated are related to finding the best methods of using various available communication systems and the best methods for separating the wanted information, or signal, from the extraneous information, or noise". The study of information theory is also concerned with the definition of notion of information in a general sense and with a unified information theory that is supposed to contain all the statements of existing information theories.

Decor and Design

home decor , accessories , liveperson chat solution , n oddities , script section

Online ordering sites featuring furnishings, accessories, and related products for home decorating with themes and/or styles. Various style subcategories within the Decor and Design category define the items.

Directories

engineering , engineers , development , components , engineer

Organized collections of links to internet resources related to engineering topics. For the topic of internet directories in general (including the technology behind directories and search engines), see Computers: Internet: WWW: Searching_The_Web/

Natural Disasters and Hazards

global hazards , natural disasters , cbs news interactive , united states , natural hazards

This category serves as a collection and reference point for those parts of earth science concerned with earthquakes, hurricanes, and other natural events causing damage and destruction. Resources include educational materials for dealing with natural disasters, links to other categories exploring more particular hazards, and research on disasters as such.

Rhetoric

rhetoric , plato , homer , persuasion , aristotle

According to Aristotle, rhetoric is "the faculty of observing in a given case the available means of persuasion." In contemporary terms, "rhetoric" is the social science that focuses on how to use language to create understanding and to change attitudes or behaviors. The earliest known works on rhetoric predate Aristotle, and rhetoric was an important part of a young Greek male's education to be a civic leader. Aristotle's theories were widely adopted and refined by rhetoricians of the Roman Empire, and later by Christian scholars. For over 1,000 years -- from about 600 A.D. to about 1800 -- rhetoric was one of the three liberal arts studied by every educated person. (The others were grammar and dialectic.) Around 1900, "rhetoric" became primarily the study of how to write effectively, while "speech" dominated college curricula as the study of effective persuasion. Today, these divisions are much less clear, but "rhetoric" is often distinguished from "communication studies" by a greater emphasis on criticism and practice, versus empirical or laboratory studies. In current usage, "rhetoric" has four connotations: 1. "Empty rhetoric." The popular use of the term to mean using words to confuse, bully, or obscure the issue. 2. Writing skills. Many departments of rhetoric focus on writing, especially technical writing. 3. Rhetorical theory. There is also a body of theory on how rhetoric works, some of it overlapping with literary theory. 4. Rhetorical criticism. The application of rhetorical theory in order to understand why a speech (or ad, or song, or whatever) was or was not persuasive.

Hurricanes

hurricane , summaries , tropical storm bertha , hurricanes , tropical cyclone

Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual Studies

institute , sexual orientation , organization , homosexuality , lesbian studies

Web pages of interest to those looking for information on the new interdisciplinary field of lgbt studies. Also includes transgender studies. (Am trying to get the category named changed to that effect.)

Tornadoes

tornado , tornadoes , national weather service , waterspouts , severe weather

Sites related to scientific study of tornadoes and their cousins, waterspouts.

Magazines and E-zines

architecture , architects , project , museum , materials

Regularly issued publications with a focus on architecture containing articles and illustrations.

Construction and Maintenance

unistone inc , stone sculpture , china xiamen international stone fair , chinese traditional craftsmanship , unique marketing channel

Business resources for the building design and construction industry and/or consumers.

Plant Physiology

aba , abscisic acid , stable isotopes , phototropic reaction , transporters

Physiology is concerned with the functioning of plants. This is largely interactions between plants and their environments. As such plant physiology bridges the gap between biochemistry and ecology.

Alchemy

alchemy , bruno , ormes , atomic mass , science

Historically, alchemy is based on the ancient belief that all matter consists of various mixtures of four basic elements: Earth, Air, Fire and Water. In current usage, any chemistry based on ancient principles rather than modern physics may be included.

Thunderstorms and Lightning

lightning strike , lightning , lightning strikes , colorado , national storm conference

Lightning. Red sprites, blue jets, ball lightning, lightning pictures.

Institutions

research , neuroscience , university , computational neuroscience , program

Botanical Gardens and Arboreta

botanical garden , university , species , botanic garden , botanical gardens

Botanical Gardens and Arboreta are scientific institutions that acquire and maintain living collections of plants for the purposes of research and education. They perform the same function for plants as Zoos and Aquariums do for animals.

Typically, to belong within category Science:Institutions botanical gardens and arboreta must have a full-time scientific staff, an herbarium and library, and a catalogued collection of thousands of plants. Although botanical gardens and arboreta may also have a public viewing area, in which case they may be listed as well under Public Gardens, it is the presence of a viable research faculty using an herbarium or herbaria which distinguishes botanical gardens and arboreta from public gardens. This tends to make botanical gardens and arboreta larger in size and more dedicated to preservation of plant taxa than Public Gardens, however size or reputation are not the determining factors. Universities with herbaria do not constitute botanical gardens, even if there is a botanical garden on campus, and even if there is a research program involved, but are listed instead under Science: Biology: Botany: Education. The reason is that University botanical research falls within a traditional academic structure dedicated primarily to teaching.

Dental Laboratories

dental lab , patients , inc , clients , dental laboratory

Dental laboratories create products for the dentist, including dentures, crowns, and dental implants.

Billing and Reimbursements

clients , inc , patients , oig sanctions , oig exclusions

This category pertains to any consulting group which assists, trains, performs, educates, manages all information related to any form of healthcare billing, and/or reimbursements.

Water Quality

detergents , water quality , dave , waterose , adnan

This category is for science based informational web sites on water quality.

Metamorphic Petrology

metamorphic rocks , university , thin section , minerals , hard rock researchers

Any sites related to Metamorphic rocks and their study, rather than individual minerals unless discussed in an entirly metamorphic setting. Metamorphic Rocks include: Slate, Gnieiss, Schist, Phyllite, Migmatite, Granulite, Marble, Quartzite.

Cell Cycle

mitosis , program , m-phase , cell cycle , protein

Architecture

canada , sda canada , architecture , tim , roni award

Neutron Stars

neutron star , neutron stars , pulsar , pulsars , neutron

Cellular Automata

cellular automata , applet , artificial life , simulation , automaton

Sociobiology

evolutionary psychology , species , evolution , sociobiology , digit ratio

Pharmaceutical

drug carriers , drug delivery , drug , pharmaceutical sciences , delivery

Philosophy of Science

science , theories , hempel , dn model , reduction

The philosophy of science is concerned with the philosophical interpretation and study of the natural sciences, in particular, physics, biology, and mathematics.

Education

architecture , built environment , architectural practice , architects , intern architect

This category lists sites on the web which contribute general services, information, advice or inspiration to the process of educating the architect.

Classical Mechanics

classical mechanics , newton , particle , orbit , velocity

Non-quantum and non-relativistic physics. Study of motion of "bodies" - physical objects. Concepts involved: force, velocity, acceleration, etc.

Aesthetics

judgments , aesthetics , kant , enchantment , art

Philosophy of art, or aesthetics, is the branch of philosophy examining the nature of art and of the experience of art. Art, in this context, is broadly conceived as including the visual arts, literature, poetry, music, and dance.

Medicine

university , new york , electricity , microscope , doctor

History of Philosophy

plato , aristotle , schopenhauer , social sciences , david hume

Western philosophy has a long and varied history, dating back to the pre-Socratic philosophers of ancient Greece. The category for history of philosophy is dedicated to sites and pages which deal with the history of philosophy in general or a separate period, rather than with a particular topic or a particular philosopher.

Petrology and Mineralogy

ejm , experimental mineralogy , journal , authors , magmatic systems

Radiometric Dating

radiometric dating , atoms , igneous rocks , samples , isotopes

Biogeography

species , distribution , environmental factors , geographical distribution , north america

Biogeography is the study of the distribution of plants and animals through space and time.

Animal Behavior

species , evolution , females , predators , cognitive ethology

This category contains sites covering the many kinds of interactions that occur between animals, their physical habitat and their biological world. Behavior is the interface of the animal with its environment. The scientific study of animal behavior is Ethology.
Ethologists ask such questions as: By what means is the behavior produced? Of what use is it to the animal? How did it develop? What is its evolutionary history?

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