Topic search for question - Topodia makes research easy.

artificial intelligence , bibliography , journal , genetic algorithms , neural networks

Artificial Intelligence is a field of science that has several goals. The first, often called "weak" AI, is the effort to design and implement computer systems that can perform tasks requiring intelligence when performed by humans. AI in computer games, knowledge based systems and such are typical examples of this branch. The second, less tangible branch, often called "strong" AI, is the research that ultimatly aims to build artificial systems that display real intelligence. It does this by trying to understand or model the nature of human intelligence. Both branches are multidisciplinary, in that they have close relations with the fields of computer science, philosophy, medicine, psychology, biology and linguistics.

Pyrotechnics

consumer fireworks , fireworks industry , display fireworks , united states , u.s

Sites that contain information and theory of pyrotechnics, ballistics, and explosives.

Chemistry

last post , sci , chemistry , faq , readers

Chemistry is typically defined as the science that studies the composition, structure, and transformation of matter. It has been called "the central science" because of the way it is related with all the other sciences. Chemistry bridges the gap between physics and biology; it is a "helper science" in almost many technical disciplines; and it occupies a prominent position in industry between the extraction of raw materials and the manufacture of finished products. Of course, it is chemists who call it this way; other scientists may have different perspectives. Chemistry is also distinguished from some other sciences because it creates its own object of study: chemists can imagine and create new compounds that have never existed in nature, so they are not constrained to what already exists, but only to what can be done.

Math

mathematics , same birthday , carnival , novel , maths

Math or mathematics is the study of numbers and variables representing numbers to solve everyday problems, learn about the world around us or to be an exercise in logical reasoning.

Some applications of math are in the areas of finance, physics, sociology, computer programming, fractal music and geometric art.

Linguistics

languages , linguistics , yeah , continue reading , research

Open to English-language sites relating to Linguistics, the study of human languages.

Logic and Foundations

computability logic , del , formal language , theorems , system

This category is about mathematical logic and foundations of mathematics. (So it roughly corresponds to category 03-XX in the 1991 Mathematical Sciences Classification.) Major related subjects outside mathematics are computer science at one end, and philosophical logic at the other. If you are looking for basic, non-technical information on logic, you may want to look at the subcategories Encylopedia Articles and Educational Resources. If you think your site or one that you have come across fits here: please submit it. If not sure give it to us anyway ... we will do our best to find where it belongs.

Physics

physics , science , extra dimensions , loop quantum gravity , user comments

"Physics is the study and application of the fundamental laws of nature, including the laws of motion, gravity, electromagnetism, heat, and microscopic interactions. These laws govern the behavior of objects at all scales, from the smallest subatomic particles to the entire observable universe. In between, physicists study nuclear reactions, the interactions of atoms with light, properties of solids, chaotic dynamics of fluids, and the evolution of stars and galaxies, among many other applications."

If this doesn't tickle your fancy, there is always the quote from Rutherford: "In science, there is only physics; all the rest is stamp collecting."

Skeptical Inquiry

science , review , skepticism , astrology , scientific method

Critical evaluation of alternative science, paranormal phenomena, news reports about science, etc.

Bankruptcy

bankruptcy , amicus brief , ustp , nacba , debtors

Bankruptcy law regulates the full or partial discharge of the debts of persons and companies that are having financial difficulty, and financial reorganization or dissolution of certain financially distressed businesses.

Associations

skins , international contract , contract , leather industry , buyer

This category lists organizations related to the leather tanning, processing and manufacturing industries only.

Government Agencies

u.s. department , labor statistics , tentative agreement , osha , labor elaine l. chao

This subcategory contains links to international, federal, state and local governments that are useful to Human Resources professionals.

Sexually Transmitted Diseases

stds , std , pubic lice , symptoms , genital herpes

Home Improvement

jerry , central heating , contractor , project , ceramic tile

This category contains sites which assist with repairing, remodelling, and redecorating of the home. This includes not only its walls and rooms, but the contents within, like appliances and furniture. Sites are geared towards those with a do-it-yourself attitude, as well as those who would like to learn more before hiring someone to do it for them. This category does not include sites which sell goods and services online (Shopping: Home and Garden), sites for businesses that design or manufacture products (Business: Construction and Maintenance), or sites offering advice for purchasing decisions (Home: Consumer Information).

Science

computer , science , computers , improbable research , solar cells

Sites in this category contain jokes, essays, songs, students' test answers and other humorous content pertaining to science, math, engineering and statistics.

Educational Resources

osgood file , science , america radio reports , scientists , full story

Science educational resources are educational products and services for teachers and students in the general field of science or cover more than one specialty in science. Some examples of webpages to be listed here include science workbooks, class activities, lesson plans, and mentoring programs.

Library and Information Science

association , electronic site , research libraries , computers , users

Included are: professional resources for librarians, i.e., resources which assist librarians in carrying out their duties; resources for librarians' personal professional development; and resources related to the academic discipline of library and information studies.

Neuro Linguistic Programming

nlp , audio liminal , presuppositions , assumptions , language patterns

NLP (Neuro-Linguistic Programming) is a powerful system for representing and influencing human behavior. It combines aspects of psychology, linguistics, and computer science. Its techniques have been applied to education, sales, therapy, and all sorts of other fields. Richard Bandler and John Grinder came up with the technology in the 1970's. Tony Robbins popularized it in the 1980's. In the 1990's, Bandler returned with DHE, or Design Human Engineering. Today, NLP's popularity is growing on the internet. These sites represent some of the most useful NLP resources on and off the web.

Behavior Analysis

positive reinforcement , autism , target behavior , psychology , cooperative play

The study of human and animal behavior as well as the method of utilizing observable behavior of organisms as a basis of data gathering, analysis, or inference.

Education

astronomy , project , solar system , planets , lesson

Science/Astronomy/Education is for educational web sites of interest to educators, parents, students, and professionals emphasizing the teaching or learning of various aspects of astronomy or astrophysics. The best sites will try to teach or instruct about astronomy or astrophysics, although clear, easy-to-follow explanations of topics are useful as well. There are also sites here that talk about educational programs of all levels, including - but not limited to, grade school, college programs, and graduate schools.

Nuclear Waste

fuel , new url , old url , radioactive waste , spent fuel

This category is about the technical aspects of spent nuclear fuel, management, reprocessing and disposal.
Spent nuclear fuel is used fuel from nuclear reactors at commercial power plants, research reactors, government facilities, or from the nuclear medicine.
These materials contain highly radioactive elements, such as cesium, strontium, technetium, and neptunium.
Some of these elements will remain radioactive for a few years, while others will be radioactive for millions of years.
Nuclear waste can be generally classified as either low level or high level radioactive waste. Low level nuclear waste usually includes material used to handle the radioactive parts of nuclear apparatus and waste from nuclear medicine. High level waste includes the fission products activated in nuclear reactors or in accelerators.

Geometry

java , greatest distance , centre , cuboid , shortest routes

Chaos

chaos theory , initial conditions , l-systems , systems , dynamical systems

Chaos theory, in mathematics and physics, deals with the behavior of certain nonlinear dynamical systems that (under certain conditions) exhibit the phenomenon known as chaos, most famously characterised by sensitivity to initial conditions. Systems that exhibit mathematical chaos are deterministic and thus orderly in some sense; this technical use of the word chaos is at odds with common parlance, which suggests complete disorder.

Operations Research

report bad link , operations research , global optimization , university , journal

The study of operations research (OR) is concerned with mathematical methods and tools for solving problems relating to the allocation of scarce resources subject to constraints. Frequently these problems have to do with determining the least cost or greatest profit possible for a cost or profit function subject to constraints such as capacities and required amounts over a very large number of variables. Important problems within this space include minimum cost routing problems, network maximum flow or minimum cost flow problems, and machine scheduling problems. The growing trends in OR increasingly utilize applications of more than one technique and involve individuals from other disciplines. Moreover, they involve a blend of "hard" and "soft" as well as a mixing of different "hard" or "soft" techniques with the increasing use of multiple methods within one piece of analysis. A creative thinking must look in detail at how those from disciplines outside of OR can come to work in the organizations on multi-disciplinary studies. Those who have come from such backgrounds, clearly share their perspectives and experiences. The field of OR is always changing. Its changes are driven by the technology it uses and that it extends, and the applications that it affects.

Knot Theory

crossings , dna , knots , borromean rings , fishing knots

Knots, braids, tangles: papers, software and pictures.

Pi

diameter , circumference , digits , ratio , decimal places

Pi = 3.1415926535... An irrational number, a never ending yet never repeating decimal, Pi has been calculated and explored throughout history from the ancient times to the present.

Geomorphology

geomorphology , niagara escarpment , lake ontario , lake iroquois , potholes

Geomorphology deals with the study of landforms, their evolution, and the processes that shape the land's surface.

Chats and Forums

god , hits , code buttons , global mod , forum

The search for wisdom through open debate. Sites submitted to this category should be in some way interactive and accommodate public discussion of a philosophical nature.

Biotechnology and Pharmaceuticals

nexia , development , products , research , technology

Biotechnology refers to the use of cellular and molecular processes in drug discovery and manufacturing, research, and biologically engineered food production.

Pharmaceuticals include over-the-counter and prescription medications, vitamins and nutritional supplements. The term also covers drug delivery systems and diagnostic compounds.

Stem Cells

stem cells , mike allen , scientists , embryonic stem cells , embryo

Remote Sensing

ivics , sea level , international journal , remote sensing , cold water

Remote sensing is the gathering of information about an object without being in physical contact with the object, usually by methods that detect electromagnetic energy. Such observations are often made from spacecraft and aircraft.

Time Travel

time machine , time travel , einstein , mallett , dial

In this category you can find everything on the possibilities of time travel (illusion or reality?) in the framework of Einstein's theory of relativity.

Electromagnetic Field

cell phones , magnetic fields , electromagnetic fields , mobile phones , becker

Acoelomates

species , proboscis , ribbon worms , definitive host , free-living forms

The term acoelomates means "without coeloms", the coelom being a body space surrounded by an extra layer of cells, the mesoderm. The most important acoelomates are the flat worms contained in the phylum Platyhelminthes, including the free-living Turbellaria, the Trematoda or liver flukes and the Cestoda or parasitic tapeworms. Other phyla included are Nemertina, the ribbon worms, Orthonectida, Rhombozoa and Gnathostomulida, members of which are typically worm-like creatures sometimes classed together as polychaetes, or bristly worms. Classification in this area of the animal kingdom is unclear.

Job Search

jobs , employers , job search , job seekers , products

The Job Search category provides listings of employment sites, job portals, and sites which provide Job Seekers with information which specifically relates to finding a job, as opposed to career related information or resumes. The Job Search category is broken down into: Entry Level and Internships, Industries, Interview Advice, Job Fairs, Seasonal, and World-wide. Closely linked are the Recruiters and Executive Search categories which list search firms that do not specialize in one type of job or one type of industry. For industry specific search firms look in the category for the specific industry. (e.g. Business: Industries: Information Technology: Employment: Recruiters)

Geography

long-form name , republic , united states , geography , china

Focus of this category is on the theory, methods, and practice of geography and geographic education.

Health

africa , aids , south africa , nutrition , young children

Child Psychology

sibling rivalry , hitler , rabie-azoory , clinical child , younger child

Rhetoric

rhetoric , plato , homer , persuasion , aristotle

According to Aristotle, rhetoric is "the faculty of observing in a given case the available means of persuasion." In contemporary terms, "rhetoric" is the social science that focuses on how to use language to create understanding and to change attitudes or behaviors. The earliest known works on rhetoric predate Aristotle, and rhetoric was an important part of a young Greek male's education to be a civic leader. Aristotle's theories were widely adopted and refined by rhetoricians of the Roman Empire, and later by Christian scholars. For over 1,000 years -- from about 600 A.D. to about 1800 -- rhetoric was one of the three liberal arts studied by every educated person. (The others were grammar and dialectic.) Around 1900, "rhetoric" became primarily the study of how to write effectively, while "speech" dominated college curricula as the study of effective persuasion. Today, these divisions are much less clear, but "rhetoric" is often distinguished from "communication studies" by a greater emphasis on criticism and practice, versus empirical or laboratory studies. In current usage, "rhetoric" has four connotations: 1. "Empty rhetoric." The popular use of the term to mean using words to confuse, bully, or obscure the issue. 2. Writing skills. Many departments of rhetoric focus on writing, especially technical writing. 3. Rhetorical theory. There is also a body of theory on how rhetoric works, some of it overlapping with literary theory. 4. Rhetorical criticism. The application of rhetorical theory in order to understand why a speech (or ad, or song, or whatever) was or was not persuasive.

Transportation

idrodinamica navale , streetcars , apm system , car innovations , history section

Feminist Philosophy

feminist philosophers , feminist philosophy , sexuality , aristotle , cyberspace

Institutions

wnt , wnt proteins , clara cells , research , clara cell regeneration

Legal Information

legal issues , legal aspects , divorce , basic legal citation , financial planning transaction

The primary purpose of sites included in this category is the provision of legal information to the public and to legal practitioners at no cost. Sites will only be included if they offer significant amounts of free information on their websites. Providers of commercial products and services should only submit to this category if their websites offer significant free content. [Note: If you are looking for an attorney rather than legal information, you should look under the category Society: Law: Attorneys and Law Firms.] If you cannot find the information that you need in Society: Law: Legal Information, you may find it in the Society: Law: Reference category, which is a repository for sites that contain official legal reference materials.

Dispute Resolution

mediator , program , valuation , best alternative , negotiate agreement calculator

Arizona

arizona , clients , criminal law , criminal case , arizona dui attorney

Igneous Petrology

topics , diagrams , pegmatology , pegmatite , nondestructive artifact characterization studies

Any sites related to Igneous rocks and their study, rather than individual minerals, unless discussed in an entirly igneous setting.

Sedimentary Petrology

anr project , umr ides , frontier , project leader p. guenoun , project leader j.p. cuif

Sedimentary rocks are those rocks which form at or near the earth's surface at relatively low temperatures and pressures primarily by either: 1.Deposition by water, wind or ice; 2.precipitation from solution (may be biologically mediated); and /or 3.growth in position by organic processes (e.g., carbonate reefs). Examples include sandstone, limestone, shale, dolomite, and rock salt.

Methods and Techniques

protein , proteins , molecular weight , chemistry , enzyme

Cell Cycle

mitosis , program , m-phase , cell cycle , protein

Model Organisms

model organisms , project , university , c. elegans , model organism

Philosophy of Science

science , theories , hempel , dn model , reduction

The philosophy of science is concerned with the philosophical interpretation and study of the natural sciences, in particular, physics, biology, and mathematics.

Education

architecture , built environment , architectural practice , architects , intern architect

This category lists sites on the web which contribute general services, information, advice or inspiration to the process of educating the architect.

Aesthetics

judgments , aesthetics , kant , enchantment , art

Philosophy of art, or aesthetics, is the branch of philosophy examining the nature of art and of the experience of art. Art, in this context, is broadly conceived as including the visual arts, literature, poetry, music, and dance.

Actuarial Science

actuary , actuaries , actuary.net webmaster , net webmaster , actuarial discussion forum

This category is for any site related to actuarial science and the actuarial profession, members of whom are called actuaries. What is an actuary? Consider the following description from BeAnActuary.com: "Actuaries put a price tag on future risks. They have been called financial architects and social mathematicians because their unique combination of analytical and business skills is helping to solve a growing variety of financial and social problems. Actuaries make financial sense of the future. How? An actuary applies mathematical models to problems of insurance and finance. To be more specific, actuaries improve financial decision making by developing models to evaluate the current financial implications of uncertain future events. If you've never met an actuary, that's not unusual. The actuarial profession numbers only about 19,000 people in North America. But don't let that small number fool you. Actuaries put their special problem-solving skills to work in many different business situations, and their work has had an influence on people's lives for more than a century. Actuaries make a difference. Their calculations and projections are the backbone of the insurance and financial security industries. Actuarial work involves lots of math, but actuaries must also be up-to-date on business issues and trends, social science, law, and economics. In other words, actuaries have a well-rounded business approach to problem solving. And they must be good communicators to explain things to nonactuaries. Actuaries are key players on a company's management team. They are well paid, and they like what they do for a living."

Radiometric Dating

radiometric dating , atoms , igneous rocks , samples , isotopes

Paleogeography and Paleoclimatology

atlantis , colorado river , plato , grand canyon , ireland

The study and representation of the earth's geographic features and climate as it was at any time before the present.

Black Holes

black holes , black hole , event horizon , general relativity , gravity

This category is dedicated to sites about black holes - ultra-compact astronomical objects that are predicted by Einstein's theory of general relativity, whose gravity is so strong that not even light can escape.

Temporal Logic

temporal logic , tense logic , tense operators , sep , properties

Temporal logic is a form of modal logic in which the modal operators are used to denote the truth of a statement in the future or past. Application areas include linguistics and computer science, in particular program verification.

Animals

pet counselor , animal behavior , mrsa , expert witness , vet

Religious

projects , church , site selection , building program , brochure

Religious architects is a category providing portfolios and business information for those involved in professional practice who focus is on religious facilities. This includes churches, fellowship and worship hall, and any other structure relevant to a religious environment. Theoretical firms are welcome and encouraged, but they must display some form of practical application, even if it is only a discussion.

Cybernetics

cybernetics , systems theory , system , systems , understanding whole systems

Cybernetics, the theory of intercausal networks underlaying communication and organization processes in dynamical systems, forms a metatheoretical superstructure for individual subdisciplines as systems theory, communication theory, connectionism or decision analysis. Yet, applied cybernetics serves as auxiliary science for practical fields as biology, psychology, medicine and technology. Complemenatary to this sectoral segmentation cybernetics can be classified into several layers. The inner layer is formed by general theoretical cybernetics (K1) that finds its concretization in the investigation of the realities (K2). Among the K2 the above mentioned subdisciplines (as general systems theory, control theory, information theory or game theory) are to be counted. Practical applications of cybernetics (biological cybernetics, control systems technology, computer science etc.) fall into the external layer (K3). Founded by von Foerster 'Second-order cybernetics' denotes a progressive intellectual movement within cybernetics and systems thinking that reached fruition in the 1970's. The most common explanation for the movement's agenda is that it turned the principles of cybernetics upon cybernetics itself. In second-order cybernetics, the observer of a system must be described and explained as well as the system observed. Practicability and consistent links to microtheories of the applied sciences are critical for the K3's success.

Semantics

quantification theory , logical form , semantics , natural languages , natural language

The philosophical and scientific study of meaning. Sometimes considered to be the same thing as semiotics, semology, or semasiology, which have overlapping meanings. This is a relatively new field of study, and several pioneers who largely worked independently of one another each felt the need to coin a new name for the new discipline, resulting in a variety of terms for the same subject. The word semantics is widely preferred as the name for the doctrine of meaning, particularly linguistic meaning. Semiotics denotes the study of sign-using behaviour in general. -- Based on britannica.com entry

Do-It-Yourself

project , articles , dave , july , ceramic wall tiles

Home/Do-It-Yourself lists sites which provide instructions, advice, and tips so that you can do things on your own rather than buy the product or have someone else perform the service.

United States

medical intuition , please download java , languages , chapman , gary chapman

Practitioners and clinics specializing in energy healing in the United States.

Debt and Bankruptcy

credit cards , creditors , bankruptcy , credit counseling , credit card

Please only submit web sites containing consumer information pertaining to the topics of Debt and Bankruptcy. Web sites offering strictly financial services should be submitted to an appropriate category in Business/Financial_Services/ or related categories.

Perfect Numbers

perfect numbers , perfect number , sequences , amicable pairs , aliquot sequence

Properties based on the sum-of-divisors function s(n), including perfect and multiperfect numbers, aliquot sequences, amicable pairs and sociable chains.

Outsourcing

hospital bills , overcharges , medical transcription , clients , auditable hospital bills

Sites that provide outsourcing services related to the health care field.

Associations

website design , real estate , corporate website design , photography website design , july

Long Term Care

long term care insurance , long term care , long-term care , life insurance , insurance

For insurance agents and marketers web sites which offer long term care insurance only.

Infinity

infinity , natural numbers , fractions , context , actual infinity

Used in many context, infinity can have many meanings. The sequence of natural numbers, 1, 2, 3, ..., is said to be infinite. In geometry, the number of points on a line is said to be infinite. Time is often assumed to be infinite, in the sense that it had no beginning, or will have no end, or both. Space is often assumed to be infinite in extent. Infinity is not bound by the basic rules and axioms of math and can destroy logic in arithmetic.

Hassium

hassium , synthesis , atoms , gsi , osmium

Transactinides

periodic table , chemical properties , chemistry , chemical behaviour , day special issue

Transactinides are elements in the periodic table with atomic numbers > 104.

Evidence Based Medicine

evidence report , systematic reviews , patients , ebm , evidence-based medicine

Evidence-based Medicine (EBM) is an approach that encourages the employment of the best available clinical evidence from systematic research for use in clinical practice. It seeks to augment medical traditions not yet subjected to adequate evaluation with findings based on the application of the scientific method. EBM tools include, but are not limited to, randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews (of a series of trials) and meta-analyses.

Analytic Philosophy

analytic philosophy , logical positivism , analytic philosophers , frege , wittgenstein

A tradition stemming from the early 20th century, placing a strong emphasis on clarity and rigorous debate. It is conventionally opposed to "Continental Philosophy."

Immigration

south africa , immigration , home affairs , permanent residence , permit

Immigration services companies, based in South Africa.

Epistemology

epistemology , justification , skepticism , coherence theory , proposition

Works of philosophers or others dealing with the limits, sources, nature and methods of human knowledge.

Consulting

insurance company , employers , blue coast , clients , ncci

Insurance consultants who specialize in the field of workers' compensation.

Darmstadtium

cross section limit , atoms , darmstadtium , element , gsi

Chats and Forums

community , chronic diseases , forum , irritable bowel syndrome , medical conditions

Many specialties, professionals, support groups, patients and other communities in the health field have specific online communications.

Do-It-Yourself

shed plans , outhouse , skunk holo mill , woodworking plans , meat smoker

0 - Zero

zero , number system , century , notation , infinity

There are two common uses of Zero: One use is as a empty place indicator in our place-value number system. Hence in a number like 2106 the zero is used so that the positions of the 2 and 1 are correct. Clearly 216 means something quite different. The second use of zero is as a number itself in the form we use it as 0. There are also different aspects of zero within these two uses, namely the concept, the notation, and the name.

This category is concerned with the second use, the number zero itself. It lists sites that discuss the history, use and specialities of the number zero.

Additionally such topics as "division by zero" are listed.

Europe

andrew , planetarium , last admission , solar system , space encounters

A planetarium is a place that allows its visitors to experience the wonders of space while still on earth. Shows presented are entertaining, but have an educational aspect as well.

Directories

analytical chemistry division , spectroscopy europe , online systems , compounds , acs

Herat

ismail khan , afghanistan , mr shahir , student leader , decades

Rheology

viscosity , particles , rheology , shear stress , molecules

Rheology is science of flow, of deformation of liquids and solids, and of the in-between viscoelastic materials, such as asphalt, glass, dough or plastics (polymers). The properties of the materials are described by the constitutive equation (rheological equation of state) which may an include other then mechanical quantities, such as magnetic or electrical fields. Constitutive equation describes the memory of materials, effects of thermal and stress history and effects such as hysteresis.

Optoelectronics

laser diodes , cal sensors , optoelectronics group , detectors , technology

This field of Physics involves the exploitation of optical properties in semiconductors and other devices.

Rural Sociology

pdf , rural america , rural studies , presentation , rural realities volume

Rural Sociology is the term applied to sociological studies focusing on people in rural areas, and the conditions in which they live and work. It is by nature interdisciplinary, closely related to such fields of environmental sociology, agricultural economics, and demographic studies, and other branches of the social sciences which consider cultural exchange and societal development in the context of rural communities.

Personal Pages

human cytome project , human genome project , drug discovery , genes , dynamics

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