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Term: scientists


Topics from Topodia matching the term "scientists"
Cognitive science topics which may span one or more specific sciences including psychology and medicine. Sites, works and indices that assume a scientific model in their processes, references or information gathering and summary.

"Physics is the study and application of the fundamental laws of nature, including the laws of motion, gravity, electromagnetism, heat, and microscopic interactions. These laws govern the behavior of objects at all scales, from the smallest subatomic particles to the entire observable universe. In between, physicists study nuclear reactions, the interactions of atoms with light, properties of solids, chaotic dynamics of fluids, and the evolution of stars and galaxies, among many other applications."

If this doesn't tickle your fancy, there is always the quote from Rutherford: "In science, there is only physics; all the rest is stamp collecting."

Critical evaluation of alternative science, paranormal phenomena, news reports about science, etc.
Science is constantly reshaping itself through unexpected observations, new ideas, and revisions to old theories. While terms like "anomalies" or "alternative" may seem pejorative from an orthodox perspective, from an historical view these are the topics are the very life-blood of science. We must have heretics and revolutionaries challenging our beliefs, and advancing the state of the believable, otherwise science will stagnate into dogma.
Cryptozoology is the study of hidden animals not formally recognized by science, but supported in some way by other forms of evidence such as eyewitness accounts or tracks. Examples include Bigfoot and lake monsters(such as the Loch Ness Monster).
Nanotechnology: a general term covering nanoscale science and engineering. A more narrow definition is miniaturization engineering at the nanometer scale. Nano is a metric prefix meaning 'billionth', in this case, science, technology, and engineering at sizes measured in billionths of a meter, which is 1,000 times smaller than a micrometer. It is proposed to build electronic and mechanical devices which are made of very tiny parts (as are biotic systems), but which may have very large effects (as do biotic systems).
Webpages that offer advice and employment information for careers in the sciences.
Aromatherapy is the therapeutic use of pure essential oils through topical application or inhalation. Essential Oils are volatile aromatic substances. The oils are extracted mostly through steam distillation from herbs, flowers, seeds, barks or woody portions of plants, although there are other methods of extraction, including cold pressing (citrus oils), solvent extractions (absolutes) and carbon dioxide extraction.
Sites in this category contain jokes, essays, songs, students' test answers and other humorous content pertaining to science, math, engineering and statistics.
Science educational resources are educational products and services for teachers and students in the general field of science or cover more than one specialty in science. Some examples of webpages to be listed here include science workbooks, class activities, lesson plans, and mentoring programs.

The Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence. Institutes and programs for scientific and educational projects relevant to the nature, distribution, and prevalence of life in the universe.

Science/Astronomy/Education is for educational web sites of interest to educators, parents, students, and professionals emphasizing the teaching or learning of various aspects of astronomy or astrophysics. The best sites will try to teach or instruct about astronomy or astrophysics, although clear, easy-to-follow explanations of topics are useful as well. There are also sites here that talk about educational programs of all levels, including - but not limited to, grade school, college programs, and graduate schools.

Biodiversity is not easily defined. Try What is Biodiversity? and Defining The 'B' Word for approaches with differing emphases. Below is a definition adapted from the World Resources Institute, World Conservation Union, and United Nations Environment Programme in Global Biodiversity Strategy 1992.

"Biodiversity is the totality of genes, species, and ecosystems in a region... Biodiversity can be divided into three hierarchical categories -- genes, species, and ecosystems -- that describe quite different aspects of living systems and that scientists measure in different ways.

Genetic diversity refers to the variation of genes within species. This covers distinct populations of the same species (such as the thousands of traditional rice varieties in India) or genetic variation within a populations (high among Indian rhinos, and very low among cheetahs) ...

Species diversity refers to the variety of species within a region. Such diversity can be measured in many ways, and scientists have not settled on a single best method. The number of species in a region -- its species richness -- is one often- used measure, but a more precise measurement, taxonomic diversity, also considers the relationship of species to each other. For example, an island with two species of birds and one species of lizard has a greater taxonomic diversity than an island with three species of birds but no lizards ...

Ecosystem diversity is harder to measure than species or genetic diversity because the boundaries of communities -- associations of species -- and ecosystems are elusive. Nevertheless, as long as a consistent set of criteria is used to define communities and ecosystems, their numbers and distribution can be measured ..."

Resources related to biodiversity or conservation as an issue or a topic of debate belong primarily in the relevant subcategory of Society/Issues/Environment.

Related: (very comprehensive guide) Where should I submit my website about animals? Or, where will I find the animal topic I am looking for?

Topics include climate change (or global warming), atmospheric C02, stratospheric ozone, desertification, and change indicators.
Acid deposition includes acid rain and other acidic precipiation, but also dry deposition of acidic compounds.
Chaos theory, in mathematics and physics, deals with the behavior of certain nonlinear dynamical systems that (under certain conditions) exhibit the phenomenon known as chaos, most famously characterised by sensitivity to initial conditions. Systems that exhibit mathematical chaos are deterministic and thus orderly in some sense; this technical use of the word chaos is at odds with common parlance, which suggests complete disorder.
This category is for sites dealing with the science and technology of ceramics. Suppliers of products or services should submit their sites to an appropriate category in our Business section. Specific links to which can usually be found as an @linked sub category of this main category, or in the list of related categories.

Particle physics, often called High Energy Physics (HEP) deals with the smallest building blocks of everything around us - subatomic elementary particles.

It is not about particles you could see under a microscope (e.g. dust particles) and it is not about chemical molecules.

The World Wide Web was invented by particle physicists at CERN.

Classical mechanics generalized (extended) to realm of high velocities (special relativity), and strong gravitational fields (general relativity). In particular, the theory that time and space form a single 'spacetime' which is curved in the presence of energy and mass.
Sites belonging to NASA or sponsored by NASA. If a site is not directly NASA initiated or sponsored by NASA it belongs in another category.
Biotechnology refers to the use of cellular and molecular processes in drug discovery and manufacturing, research, and biologically engineered food production.

Pharmaceuticals include over-the-counter and prescription medications, vitamins and nutritional supplements. The term also covers drug delivery systems and diagnostic compounds.

This category is intended for websites about the biology of specific organisms or taxonomic groups. The structure is organized according to a taxonomy tree, with the top-level subcategories being the five Kingdoms plus Viruses. Potential contents include descriptions and images of the organisms, classification, anatomy, physiology, behavior, distribution, reproduction and life cycle, habitat, biological or ecological aspects of management, endangered-species status, etc. Note: In establishing the taxonomy-based category structure, some subtaxons and taxon levels are intentionally omitted for: 1) escaping from "unstable" taxons; 2) ease in navigation; 3) convenience in editing.
Sites in this category pertain to members of the Kingdom Animalia and are organized primarily by phyla or groups of phyla.
Mycology = the study of Fungi The total kingdom of Fungi - from single cell yeasts through to large ''mushrooms''. Cultivation, finding, photographs, commercial growing, etc - the lot!
The study of human (and other primate) biological evolution adaptation, and diversity.
This category is for listing sites dealing with the genetics of the human race.
Remote sensing is the gathering of information about an object without being in physical contact with the object, usually by methods that detect electromagnetic energy. Such observations are often made from spacecraft and aircraft.
In this category you can find everything on the possibilities of time travel (illusion or reality?) in the framework of Einstein's theory of relativity.
General science museums feature exhibits, interactive experiences, and educational opportunities related to science and engineering (also known as technology).
This category lists sites especially for institutional astronomical research centers.
Current news and features about science and technology.
DNA is an abbreviation of DeoxyriboNucleic Acid.
It is the genetic 'blueprint' of all life on this planet.
This category contains information about forensic biology; more specifically, the genotyping or genetic typing of DNA.
DNA typing is often applied to Human Identification
which has also been called DNA Fingerprinting.
In the forensic community, this term generally refers to human DNA obtained from biological evidence.
There may however be cases where DNA from other sources is under examination.
This category will provide information on sites covering various aspects of women and science/technology, including links to technical and professional organizations geared to women and support groups for women in the sciences and technology.
This site is devoted to Biomedical Engineering, either in the electrical and mechanical engineering field. Submit your site too!!!
Conferences, meetings and workshops are an important part of the technological enterprise. Most conferences fit in a category for conferences in a specific area of technology. These categories are listed as links from the Science:Technology:Conferences category, which also lists sites for broad-spectrum scientific meetings and for organizations that conduct meetings in a wide range of fields.
Mars is the 4th planet out from the sun. Sites in this category deal with this planet, and its moons.

The Kuiper Belt is a disk-shaped region past the orbit of Neptune roughly 30 to 100 AU from the Sun containing many small icy bodies. It is now considered to be the source of the short-period comets.

A meteor is an event, not just an object. It happens when small pebble (a meteoroid) enters our atmosphere and burns up. Any pieces that reach the ground are called meteorites. Meteoroids are distinguished from asteroids by being too small to cause much damage at ground level, if they were to hit the Earth.
A selection of sites containing online versions of the periodic table of elements. Sites are classified according to the number of properties they display:
  • Very Basic: less than eight properties.
  • Basic: 9 - 16 properties.
  • Detailed: 17 - 24 properties.
  • Comprehensive: 25 - 32 properties.
  • Very comprehensive: more than 32 properties.

There are also notes when special software or browser features such as JavaScript are required.

An ecosystem is a community of organisms and their physical environment interacting as an ecological unit. This ODP category is for web sites related to particular ecosystems, such as forests, rain forests, tundra, prairies, and deserts.
Organized collections of links to internet resources related to engineering topics. For the topic of internet directories in general (including the technology behind directories and search engines), see Computers: Internet: WWW: Searching_The_Web/
Tribology is the study of friction, wear and lubrication of interacting surfaces in relative motion. Tribological contacts can be found in all mechanisms, whether mechanical or biological. Friction gives rise to energy loss and wear gives rise to failure.
Computational Engineering is high performance computing for engineering analysis and simulation. It typically involves parallel and vector capabilities and networking systems. New algorithms and analytic techniques are also used to enhance the power of these computational tools.

This category links to categories with sites in which the topic is analysis of chemicals from living things. Nowadays, many of these analytes can be synthesized with out the need for a biological source.
The term is also used in cases where the analyte may be inorganic but the matrix is biological, such as iron in blood.
For cases of the presence of biological or inorganic contaminants in water, or effluent, see Environmental_Chemistry.

Research about lasers and involving lasers.
Websites about the climate phenomena El Niño and La Niña, including ENSO in general and related topics. El Niño and La Niña are disruptions of the ocean-atmosphere system in the tropical Pacific having important consequences for weather around the globe. La Niña is characterized by unusually cold ocean temperatures in the Equatorial Pacific, compared to El Niño, which is characterized by unusually warm ocean temperatures in the Equatorial Pacific. ENSO is the generic term for these phenomena. (source: NOAA - text slightly adapted)
The best-known member of the Raphidae was Raphus cucullatus, commonly known as the dodo, an extinct species of flightless bird. The dodo was discovered on the island of Mauritius in 1584, and was extinct around 1681.
Historically, alchemy is based on the ancient belief that all matter consists of various mixtures of four basic elements: Earth, Air, Fire and Water. In current usage, any chemistry based on ancient principles rather than modern physics may be included.
This category is for companies, organizations, research institutes and investigators who are involved in clinical trials of gene therapy products.
This category lists resources for people seeking to hire analytical chemists on a per job basis. Such services may include testimony, analysis, or synthesis.
This category refers to Tissue Engineering, generally involving the combination of Cells, Scaffolds, and Factors to produce functional biological structures.
Professional and scientific organizations, societies, and institutions related to Cell Biology. (See also the description of Cell Biology).
This category is for science based informational web sites on water quality.
Both academic and other sites which provide findings, research, and studies of men and the issues affecting men. Includes treatments of men and masculinity in history, theater and film, literature and cultural studies.

A large class of glycoproteins similar to lymphokines but produced by non-lymphocytic cells such as normal macrophages, fibroblasts, keratinocytes and a variety of transformed cell lines. The most well known cytokines are the interferon (IFN) and interleukins (IL-1, IL-6). They were discovered through their role in regulating immunological and inflammatory and repair processes. However, they also regulate normal cell growth and differentiation.
Cytokines are analagous to hormones in their intercellular regulatory functions at very low concentrations, but are not produced by glands. [see Endocrinology]
Hence, some discovered by their action, rather than their chemical structure, have been named Growth_Factors, and yet these function throughout life, eg. to stimulate the endothelial cells to express 'selectins' on the internal surfaces of blood vessels, causing leukocytes to adhere, then be removed from circulation between endothelial cells.

The philosophy of science is concerned with the philosophical interpretation and study of the natural sciences, in particular, physics, biology, and mathematics.
Non-quantum and non-relativistic physics. Study of motion of "bodies" - physical objects. Concepts involved: force, velocity, acceleration, etc.
Western philosophy has a long and varied history, dating back to the pre-Socratic philosophers of ancient Greece. The category for history of philosophy is dedicated to sites and pages which deal with the history of philosophy in general or a separate period, rather than with a particular topic or a particular philosopher.
A Fishery is a geographical area within which non-captive fish are caught. The term may also be applied to the catching of such fish. This category concerns the science of fisheries and their management.
Neutrinos are some of the most dificult to observe elementary particles. They interact only weakly. Most of them escape without detection, only a tiny fraction of them can be seen. There are three kinds of neutrinos: electron neutrino, muon neutrino and tau neutrino. Neutrinos can oscillate i.e. they can change their identity in flight and transform from one kind of neutrino into another kind of neutrino. Sources of observed neutrinos include: nuclear reactors, accelerator beams, radioactive sources, secondary particles created by interaction of cosmic rays in the atmosphere, Sun, supernovae. Other possible soruces are: dark matter, gamma ray bursts, active galactic nuclei, relic neutrinos, Earth interior.
The anthropological study of visual communication and the use of visual media in anthropology.