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Term: water


Topics from Topodia matching the term "water"
Robotics is a term coined by Isaac Asimov to describe the field of science involving robots and related technologies. So what is a robot? The word comes from a 1923 Czech play called R.U.R. and described autonomous, humanoid robot servants. The original Czech word was robota, which means "servitude or forced labor". According to the Syrius Cybernetics Corporation of Douglas Adams' Hitchiker's Guide to the Galaxy, a robot is "your plastic pal who's fun to be with". A more conventional definition is, "A mechanical device that sometimes resembles a human and is capable of performing a variety of often complex human tasks". There are many other definitions, some a bit too narrow and some far too broad. We try to be as inclusive as possible, accepting sites about hobby robotics, industrial robotics, even those about the radio-controlled entertainment vehicles of "Robot Wars". Enjoy our selections. And if you don't agree with some of our choices, rest easy in the knowledge that someone else out there wouldn't agree with yours.

Ecology is a branch of science dealing with the interrelationships of organisms with one another and with their nonliving environment.

These relationships include physiological responses of individuals, structure and dynamics of populations, interactions among species, organization of biological communities, and processing of energy and matter in ecosystems.

Chemistry is typically defined as the science that studies the composition, structure, and transformation of matter. It has been called "the central science" because of the way it is related with all the other sciences. Chemistry bridges the gap between physics and biology; it is a "helper science" in almost many technical disciplines; and it occupies a prominent position in industry between the extraction of raw materials and the manufacture of finished products. Of course, it is chemists who call it this way; other scientists may have different perspectives. Chemistry is also distinguished from some other sciences because it creates its own object of study: chemists can imagine and create new compounds that have never existed in nature, so they are not constrained to what already exists, but only to what can be done.
In general, the concept of energy refers to the potential for causing changes. In physics, energy is the ability to do work and has many different forms (potential, kinetic, electromagnetic, etc.) No matter what its form, physical energy has the same units as work; a force applied through a distance. The SI unit of energy, the joule, equals one newton applied through one meter.
Topics for this category include energy resources, energy utilization technologies, technology research and technical innovations, and analytical aspects of energy policy.
A collection of scientific resources about the motion of fluids like liquids and gases.
Scientific instruments and supplies includes consumable supplies, measurement instruments, lab equipment, related repair services for professional scientists, teachers and researchers within the science fields.

Civil Engineering

This category is a combination of company listings and informational/resource Web sites for Civil Engineering.

The main Engineering category page contains only listings of informational/resource Web sites of interest to Engineers. Informational resources specific to a certain Engineering field are listed under that sub-category.

No companies are listed directly under Engineering, but are listed in their most appropriate subcategories of Engineering, such as Engineering:Civil.

Before submitting your site, please review the Guidelines for Submitting a Site.

If you do not see a subcategory that you think should be included included in Business:Industries:Engineering,
please email an Editor in the Business: or Business/Industrial_Goods_and_Services section and ask them to consider including the new subcategory. (You may find a list of editors at the bottom of the category pages.)

This category contains sites which assist with repairing, remodelling, and redecorating of the home. This includes not only its walls and rooms, but the contents within, like appliances and furniture. Sites are geared towards those with a do-it-yourself attitude, as well as those who would like to learn more before hiring someone to do it for them. This category does not include sites which sell goods and services online (Shopping: Home and Garden), sites for businesses that design or manufacture products (Business: Construction and Maintenance), or sites offering advice for purchasing decisions (Home: Consumer Information).
Sites in this category contain jokes, essays, songs, students' test answers and other humorous content pertaining to science, math, engineering and statistics.
The scientific study of material remains of past human life and activities in ancient Egypt from the pre-Dynastic to the end of the Ptolemaic Period in 30 BC. It is about the process of archaeological research more than the resulting understanding of history.

The Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence. Institutes and programs for scientific and educational projects relevant to the nature, distribution, and prevalence of life in the universe.

Electrochemistry is the study of the exchange of electrons between an ion/molecule and an electrode, or another ion/molecule. Application areas include batteries, plating or electrodeposition, corrosion, analytical electrochemistry, as well as the study of any chemical reaction involving oxidation or reduction.
Organic Chemistry is the branch of chemistry dealing with the compounds of carbon.
Science (including social sciences applications) and technology related to electric power transmission and power generation, if not specific to a particular energy source.
This category is about the technical aspects of spent nuclear fuel, management, reprocessing and disposal.
Spent nuclear fuel is used fuel from nuclear reactors at commercial power plants, research reactors, government facilities, or from the nuclear medicine.
These materials contain highly radioactive elements, such as cesium, strontium, technetium, and neptunium.
Some of these elements will remain radioactive for a few years, while others will be radioactive for millions of years.
Nuclear waste can be generally classified as either low level or high level radioactive waste. Low level nuclear waste usually includes material used to handle the radioactive parts of nuclear apparatus and waste from nuclear medicine. High level waste includes the fission products activated in nuclear reactors or in accelerators.

This category contains sites that discuss the technical aspects of HVAC (heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems) as they are applied to residential and commercial climate control.

Sites that contain theory, information tables or other technical aspects of HVAC systems or components may be included here.

This category is for sites dealing with the science and technology of safety engineering. Suppliers of products or services should submit their sites to an appropriate category in our Business section. Specific links to which can usually be found as an @linked sub category of this main category, or in the list of related categories.
Companies manufacturing or installing equipment for the automatic collection of data from sensors and instruments, and the remote control of process equipment such as lights, valves, heating and cooling chambers, etc. This includes but is not limited to SCADA systems. Examples of data acquisition include temperature, pressure, flow, strain, position, depth and pollutants.
Technically oriented websites about the environmental aspects of agriculture, including agricultural pollution and its control.
Water "resources" are the waters that people use or might use for human consumption, industry, etc.

Topics may include hydrology, water supply, water distribution, water quality, wastewater, flooding, surface water (rivers, streams, and lakes), groundwater, drinking water, and water treatment technology.

Biodiversity is not easily defined. Try What is Biodiversity? and Defining The 'B' Word for approaches with differing emphases. Below is a definition adapted from the World Resources Institute, World Conservation Union, and United Nations Environment Programme in Global Biodiversity Strategy 1992.

"Biodiversity is the totality of genes, species, and ecosystems in a region... Biodiversity can be divided into three hierarchical categories -- genes, species, and ecosystems -- that describe quite different aspects of living systems and that scientists measure in different ways.

Genetic diversity refers to the variation of genes within species. This covers distinct populations of the same species (such as the thousands of traditional rice varieties in India) or genetic variation within a populations (high among Indian rhinos, and very low among cheetahs) ...

Species diversity refers to the variety of species within a region. Such diversity can be measured in many ways, and scientists have not settled on a single best method. The number of species in a region -- its species richness -- is one often- used measure, but a more precise measurement, taxonomic diversity, also considers the relationship of species to each other. For example, an island with two species of birds and one species of lizard has a greater taxonomic diversity than an island with three species of birds but no lizards ...

Ecosystem diversity is harder to measure than species or genetic diversity because the boundaries of communities -- associations of species -- and ecosystems are elusive. Nevertheless, as long as a consistent set of criteria is used to define communities and ecosystems, their numbers and distribution can be measured ..."

Resources related to biodiversity or conservation as an issue or a topic of debate belong primarily in the relevant subcategory of Society/Issues/Environment.

Related: (very comprehensive guide) Where should I submit my website about animals? Or, where will I find the animal topic I am looking for?

Information, organizations, research, information and services that are concerned with improving air quality.
According to that quoted in http://www.bio.hw.ac.uk/edintox/enviro.htm (a cool site): Environmental toxicology and ecotoxicology are terms used to describe the scientific study of the adverse effects on living organisms that chemicals can have when released into the natural environment. There is a tendency to apply the term "environmental toxicology" only to the study of direct effects of environmental chemicals on human beings and the term "ecotoxicology" only to the study of the effects of chemicals on ecosystems and their nonhuman components.
One definition of Pollution Prevention is: "The use of processes, practices, materials, products or energy that avoid or minimize the creation of pollutants and waste, and reduce overall risk to human health or the environment." Industrial ecology is also a closely related area. This category is primarily for resources related to waste minimization by source reduction (using fewer resources), reuse, and recycling. Composting is a technique for waste minimization, so there is a cross-link to the category Home/Gardens/Composting. Control of air and water pollution are covered in other categories of Science/Environment.
About the occurrence, hydrology, chemistry, water-supply development, water quality protection, and other aspects of groundwater (subsurface water).
Wetlands are the swamps and marshes that typical exist between land masses and water masses and may also occur where water sheds, aquifers, or other water sources are.
This category contains sites concerning the study and assessment of factors that affect indoor air quality and sites that discuss methods of monitoring and improving the quality of indoor air.

Indoor air can contain chemical and biological pollutants such as carbon monoxide, radon, formaldehyde, asbestos, pesticides, volatile organic chemicals (VOCs), tobacco smoke, dust mites, mold, and mildew. Methods of removing these contaminants are found through research, development, and information sharing.
Acid deposition includes acid rain and other acidic precipiation, but also dry deposition of acidic compounds.
Geomorphology deals with the study of landforms, their evolution, and the processes that shape the land's surface.
The geology of gold garners a level of interest that is out of proportion to its inherent scientific interest or its relative importance in technology and industry.
This category is for plant, animal, and bacterial viruses. Viruses are non living small protein molecules. In the environment they are harmless, however, when they become into contact with a host cell from a plant or animal a sequence of degenerative events occurs. The virus inserts its own genomic material into the host cell and initiates DNA or RNA replication. The host cell burst spreading virions to infect other cells. The most common virus people are affected by is called Influenza. The category will cover a range of virus diseases, replication, database of structures, current research, images, and organizations.
Microbiology is the study of microbes, including: bacteria, viruses, prions, fungi, and parasites.
Birds are warm-blooded, feather-bearing, egg-laying, amniotic vertebrates having the fore-limbs modified into wings. Ornithology is the scientific study of birds.
The kingdom Fungi comprises not only the more familiar mushrooms and toadstools but also lichens, moulds, rusts, smuts and rot. In fact what we see are the fruiting bodies of the fungi,these being supported by a network of root-like strands called hyphae beneath the surface. Most fungi are saprobes, breaking down organic material and especially wood. Some are parasites and may be significant agents of plant or animal disease and some form a mutually beneficial relationship with the roots of plants. The phylum Basidiomycota includes the common mushrooms and toadstools, puffballs and bracket fungi and the phylum Ascomycota includes truffles, morels and other fungi with cup-shaped, club-shaped or various strangely-shaped fruiting bodies. There is great diversity in shape of these and their appearance may not be a good guide to their classification. The other main phyla are the Zygomycota or pin-moulds and the Chytridiomycota whose members are mostly aquatic, some being parasites. Modern genetic analysis is showing unexpected relationships between disparate groups and demonstrating that what had been thought to be closely related groups are actually far apart. The Fungi are now thought to be more closely related to the animal kingdom than the plant kingdom. Subcategories are organized according to the taxon tree: - Divisions -- Families --- Genera
Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is a rapidly evolving technology that incorporates geographical information with tabular data in order to asses real-world problems.
Covers the development of science within a regional, topical, social or political context. Many scientific discoveries were influenced or hindered by the political and cultural climate of the times.
Sites pertaining to aliens and UFOs (unidentified flying objects.)

If you have a personally-owned (not company) site that does not pertain to any specific field of UFO research, please submit it to the Personal Pages subcategory.

Permaculture is an integrated design system for sustainability. The word "permaculture" is a contraction of "permanent agriculture" or "permanent culture." Its roots are in the design of productive ecosystems for farms and gardens. A central theme in permaculture is the design of ecological landscapes that produce food. Emphasis is placed on multi-use plants, cultural practices such as sheet mulching and trellising, and the integration of animals to recycle nutrients and graze weeds. Permaculture concepts also reach beyond farming and gardens that into designs for all types of resilient, sustainable structures, both physical and social. It is a philosophy of maximum effort at the design stage to allow minimum effort and side-effects once the system is running, instead of the conventional method which is often the reverse.
Energy healing incorporates many modalities, from traditional ethnic practices to modern techniques developed from bioenergetic research. Since the living human body projects an energy field (aura) around it, it is possible to affect the solid corporeal body by working with its energetic projection.
Karst refers to any terrain where the topography has been formed chiefly by the dissolving of rock, primarily carbonates (such as limestone) and evaporites (such as salt). Landforms associated with karst include sinkholes, caves, sinking streams, springs, and solution valleys. Because of the unique geologic and hydrologic features associated with highly developed subterranean networks, the scope of problems related to the karst environment is large.
The Chordate category includes sites devoted to the organisms in the Phylum Craniata (our phylum), Phylum Cephalochordata, and Phylum Urochordata. Included in this category are the vertebrate classes fish, amphibians, reptiles, mammals and birds.
Fish are cold-blooded, aquatic vertebrates breathing by means of gills and having fins supported by skeletal rods called fin-rays. The class includes the bony fishes and the cartilaginous fishes. Ichthyology is the scientific study of fish.
Reptiles are cold-blooded, air-breathing vertebrates having the skin covered with scales. The class includes tortoises, turtles, lizards, snakes and the Crocodilia.
Amphibians are cold-blooded vertebrates with smooth skin. The class includes salamanders, frogs, toads and newts.
Herpetology is the scientific study of reptiles and amphibians.
Current news and features about science and technology.
This category is for sites dealing with the science and technology of sanitary engineering.
Employment resources related to Agriculture or Forestry industries.
This category includes all aspects of Cryogenics: the production and study of extreme sub-zero temperatures. This includes the production, use, and storage of liquid gases (nitrogen, oxygen, helium), mechanical freezers for those temperatures, and the attempts to reach absolute zero. It also includes a recent use of cryogenic technology in which metals are dipped in liquid nitrogen to improve various qualities.
Jupiter is the 5th planet out from the sun and is the largest planet in the solar system. Sites in this category deal with this planet, its magnetic field, and its system of rings and moons.
Mars is the 4th planet out from the sun. Sites in this category deal with this planet, and its moons.
Dinosaurs were a focus of interest for people for hundreds of years before the release of "Jurassic Park." These fascinating Mesozoic reptiles were one of the first fossil groups to have a major presence on the internet, and the number of dinosaur websites grows every day. This category contains a wide variety of dinosaur websites, from children's art sites to highly technical taxonomic sites.
"Endocrine disruptors" are a broad term for chemical substances that may disrupt the hormonal systems of humans and wildlife by mimicking or blocking the action of normal hormones. The best-known example is synthetic estrogens. DDT, dioxins, PCBs, and certain epoxy resins are among the chemicals that may act as endocrine system disruptors.
An ecosystem is a community of organisms and their physical environment interacting as an ecological unit. This ODP category is for web sites related to particular ecosystems, such as forests, rain forests, tundra, prairies, and deserts.
Biophysics is the application of physical principles, both classical and modern, to problems involving biological systems.
Online calculators and other resources for converting metric units to U.S. units, converting ancient measuring units to modern units, and converting within a measurement system (such as from liters to cubic meters).
Includes sites offering online sales of bathroom accessories.

This category links to categories with sites in which the topic is analysis of chemicals from living things. Nowadays, many of these analytes can be synthesized with out the need for a biological source.
The term is also used in cases where the analyte may be inorganic but the matrix is biological, such as iron in blood.
For cases of the presence of biological or inorganic contaminants in water, or effluent, see Environmental_Chemistry.

This category is for construction and mintenance directories that serve a worldwide or international scope.For construction and maintenance directories that serve the a narrower scope, please see the subcategories.
Sites related to scientific study of tornadoes and their cousins, waterspouts.
Websites about the climate phenomena El Niño and La Niña, including ENSO in general and related topics. El Niño and La Niña are disruptions of the ocean-atmosphere system in the tropical Pacific having important consequences for weather around the globe. La Niña is characterized by unusually cold ocean temperatures in the Equatorial Pacific, compared to El Niño, which is characterized by unusually warm ocean temperatures in the Equatorial Pacific. ENSO is the generic term for these phenomena. (source: NOAA - text slightly adapted)

Engineering Consultants

This category is a combination of company listings and informational/resource Web sites for Engineering Consultants.

The main Engineering: category page contains only listings of informational/resource Web sites of interest to Engineers. Informational resources specific to a certain Engineering field are listed under that sub-category.

No companies are listed directly under Engineering, but are listed in their most appropriate subcategories of Engineering, such as Engineering:Consultants.

Before submitting your site, please review the Guidelines for Submitting a Site.

If you do not see a subcategory that you think should be included included in Business:Industries:Engineering,
please email an Editor in the Business: or Industrial_Goods_and_Services/ section and ask them to consider including the new subcategory. (You may find a list of editors at the bottom of the category pages.)

Physiology is concerned with the functioning of plants. This is largely interactions between plants and their environments. As such plant physiology bridges the gap between biochemistry and ecology.
This category covers general sites for the history of engineering and technology. For history of specific technologies, see under that specific heading.
Historically, alchemy is based on the ancient belief that all matter consists of various mixtures of four basic elements: Earth, Air, Fire and Water. In current usage, any chemistry based on ancient principles rather than modern physics may be included.
Companies that provide consultancy services on a fee basis. Contractors or FM suppliers should apply to commercial contracting.

Chemical Engineering

This category is a combination of company listings and informational/resource Web sites for Chemical Engineering.

The main Engineering category page contains only listings of informational/resource web sites of interest to Engineers. Informational resources specific to a certain Engineering field are listed under that sub-category.

No companies are listed directly under Engineering, but are listed in their most appropriate subcategories of Engineering, such as Engineering:Chemical.

Before submitting your site, please review the Guidelines for Submitting a Site.

If you do not see a subcategory that you think should be included included in Business:Industries:Engineering,
please email an Editor in the Business: or Business/Industrial_Goods_and_Services section and ask them to consider including the new subcategory. (You may find a list of editors at the bottom of the category pages.)

A resource and directory for the building design community to help make environmentally informed construction, maintenance, and design decisions about building materials and technologies, contractors and suppliers.
This category refers to Tissue Engineering, generally involving the combination of Cells, Scaffolds, and Factors to produce functional biological structures.
This category is for science based informational web sites on water quality.
Ear candling or coning is described as a method of cleaning the ears and the mind, and alleviating a host of physical, emotional and spiritual ailments. The origin of this practice has been given as ancient Tibet, China, India, Egypt, and pre-Columbian America.